Question

A person has been badly injured in a car accident. It is necessary to give him a transfusion (輸血) because he has lost much blood in the accident. However, special care must be taken in selecting new blood for him. If the blood is too different from his own, the transfusion can kill him.

There are four basic blood groups: A, B, AB and O. A single test can tell us a person’s blood group. Everybody is born with one of these four blood groups. People’s blood group, like hair colour, is inherited (繼承) from parents.

Because the substances contained in each group are different, transfusion must be given carefully. Basically, A and B cannot be mixed. A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. O can be given to any other group, so it is often called the universal donor. On the contrary, AB is sometimes called the universal recipient (接受者). However, before being given the transfusion, patients usually receive only salt or plasma (血漿) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible. In this way, it is possible to avoid any bad results of the transfusion.

There is a relationship between our blood groups and our nationalities. Among the Europeans, about 42 percent are blood group A while 45 percent are blood group O. The rarest is blood group AB. However, some American Indian groups are nearly 100 percent blood group O.

1.Which of the following shows the correct relationship in blood transfusion? (→ =" giving" blood to)

2.Usually, before being given a transfusion, ________.

A．a person needs to receive salt or plasma first

B．a person needs to have a good rest

C．a person needs to have a lot of food and water

D．a person needs to find the person with the same blood group as him

3.The third most common blood type among the Europeans is _______.

A．A                B．B                C．AB               D．O

4.Which is NOT right according to the passage?

A. A person’s blood group depends on his parents.

B. There is only one kind of blood group in a person’s body.

C. About 13 percent of the Europeans have blood group AB.

D. Most of American Indians can be universal blood donors.

5.Which is the best title for the passage?  

A．Blood transfusion                       B．Blood groups

C．Car accidents                          D．Blood group and nationalities

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.D

2.A

3.B

4.C

5.B

【解析】

試題分析：這篇文章講述的是人類具有的不同的血型以及不同血型之間該如何輸血。

1.細節題。根據文章可知，A,B血型可以給AB血型的人輸血，O血型可以給A,B,AB血型的人輸血。故選D

2.細節題。根據文章However, before being given the transfusion, patients usually receive only salt or plasma (血漿) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible.可知，一個人被輸血之前，首先要吸收一些鹽水或者血漿。故選A

3.細節題。根據文章可知，在歐洲，百分之四十二的人是A型血，百分之四十五是O型血，最稀缺的血型是AB型，可知，第三種最普遍的血型是B型血。故選B

4.細節題。根據文章可知，在歐洲B血型和AB血型的人總共占百分之十三。故選C

5.主旨題。這篇文章講述的是人類具有的不同的血型以及不同血型之間如何輸血。故選B

考點：科普類說明文

點評：對于英語閱讀文章中的說明一個物體的相關內容的文章，是初三常考的知識題材。此類題文章不長，學生在答題的過程中可以首先對整篇文章進行閱讀，理解文章的意思，然后帶著問題在文章中找到相對應的答案，即可答出。