Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is "What's your name?" Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.
Have you ever wondered about people's names? Where do they come from? What do they
mean?
People's first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.
Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means "bright"; Beatrice means "one who gives happiness"; Donald means "world ruler"; Leonard means "as brave as a lion".
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook (С?); someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.
Other early surnames came from people's occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter - a person who owned or drove a cart（手推車）； Potter -a person who made pots and pans.
The ancestors (祖先) of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter's great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John
Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast
runner or a good dancer.
Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name. English-speaking people added -s or -son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.
【小題1】Which of the following aspects（方面）do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?
| A．Places where people lived. |
| B．People's characters. |
| C．Talents that people had. |
| D．People's occupations. |
| A．owned or drove a cart |
| B．made things with metals |
| C．made kitchen tools or contains |
| D．built houses and furniture |
| A．Beatrice Smith |
| B．Leonard Carter |
| C．George Longstreet |
| D．Donald Greenwood |
| A．后代 | B．朋友 | C．同事 | D．同伴 |
【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】D
【小題4】A
解析試題分析：這篇短文中作者告訴了我們?nèi)藗兊拿质菑哪睦飦淼摹Ｍㄟ^閱讀這篇短文我們可以知道，一些人的名字來源于一些名人，有的人的名字跟他們住的地方有關(guān)，還有的跟他們祖先從事的職業(yè)有關(guān)。甚至我們還能從人們的名字上知道這個人頭發(fā)、皮膚的顏色、特點等。還有些人的名字是在父親名字的后面加上一些東西變來的。
【小題1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文中The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names.可知A在短文中提到了；根據(jù)The ancestors (祖先) of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter's great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.可知C在短文中提到了；根據(jù)Other early surnames came from people's occupations可知D也提到了。但是B選項說人們的名字來源于性格，這個沒有說到。故選B。
【小題2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文中Potter -a person who made pots and pans.可知，有些人的名字跟他們祖先做過的職業(yè)有關(guān)系。由此我們猜測Potter這個家族的祖先也許是制作廚房的工具或容器的。故選C。
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第五段可知，有些人的名字來源于他們住的地方，The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest，因此這個家庭的姓應(yīng)該是Greenwood。而根據(jù)題目中要求的，他們希望自己的孩子成為世界的領(lǐng)袖，短文中告訴我們Donald means "world ruler"，因此這個孩子的名字應(yīng)該是Donald Greenwood。故選D。
【小題4】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)短文最后一段以及這個單詞所在的句子可知，有些人的名字是在他們父親的名字后邊加上一些東西來的，如Johnsons是John的后代。由此我們可以猜測出descendant這個單詞的意思是后代。故選A。
考點：文化類短文閱讀。
科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Some children want to be writers some day. They mean that they want to write stories or books for people to read. That's good! It's good to write something for people to read! But they should know that they need to be good readers first before they really are good writers. They should read a lot of books, and read for hours and hours every day instead (代替) of watching TV and spending a lot of time playing games when they are free.
If you are a good reader, it doesn't take you long to do the reading homework. Then you have time to read many other books for fun. Because you read so well, you have more fun in reading and you want to look for more books to read.
Before you decide to be a good writer, you'd better say to yourself, "I must read and read and read more and more!"
【小題1】This article (文章) mainly (主要的) tells us that __________.
| A．some children wish to be writers some day |
| B．it is good to write something for people to read |
| C．reading can make you a good writer |
| D．writers like to read more books for fun |
| A．because they want to be good readers |
| B．to write stories or books for people to read |
| C．to find good work some day |
| D．to get more money to keep a family |
| A．to do a lot of reading | B．to watch TV in the evening |
| C．to have wishes sometimes | D．to be good writers right now |
| A．help you to be a good player | B．help you write well |
| C．make your work better | D．make you watch more TV at home |
| A．a(chǎn)ll children like to be writers |
| B．people like to read for children |
| C．a(chǎn)ll writers are children |
| D．children need to read more and more books |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf is a Chinese animated television series about a group of goats living on Green Grassland and a clumsy wolf who wants to hunt them. It is aired on over 40 local TV stations including Hong Kong’s TVB, BTV Animation Channel and CCTV. The following are the main characters and their characteristics.
| Characters | Characteristics |
 Slowy | Slowy is an adult goat, serving as the elder and head of the lamb village. His character design is somewhat based on Albert Einstein, with wild frizzy hair, a mustache, and a pair of glasses. He is a scientist and develops machines to protect their school though he is slower than a snail and uses a walking stick. In addition, when he thinks too hard, his head will begin to grow leaves. |
 Weslie | Weslie is the main character of the series. He wears a blue ribbon around his neck with a bell. Weslie is positive, observant, clever and always supportive of his friends. He takes a leadership role in his class and among his peers and is Slowy’s assistant. And in general, he is often the first to feel danger and see through Wolffy’s plans. |
 Paddi | Paddi hates working and likes to sleep. He is often the first caught by Wolffy. Paddi is the cleverest goat of all of them too, although this is seldom seen because of his laziness. He is sometimes a bit selfish. He is also one of the most popular characters. |
 Wolffy | Wolffy always wears an orange cap with a yellow patch and has a scar under his eye. He always thinks of clever plans to catch the goats, but he usually ends up being defeated. His failures to catch goats are met with angry scolding and violence from his wife, such as being hit over the head with a frying pan. Even so, his love for Wolnie never disappears. Sometimes he is seen as a respectable cartoon figure because of his faithfulness to his wife and his effort to catch goats. |
 Wolnie | Wolnie is Wolffy’s wife, who is always dressed in a red robe with black and white trims. She always hits him with her frying pan whenever his plans fail; however, she does love her husband. She is actually very smart and while her husband can think of strange inventions to catch goats, her simple ideas are the ons that are actually successful. |
| A．Hong Kong’s TVB | B．BTV Animation Channel |
| C．CCTV | D．A TV station in outer space |
| A．4 | B．2 | C．3 | D．5 |
| A．His plans always fail, so he is foolish. |
| B．He is always scolded and hit by his wife, so he will leave the castle soon. |
| C．He wears a red cap with a yellow patch and has a scar under his eye. |
| D．He is seen as a respectable cartoon figure by people because of his faithfulness to his wife and his effort to catch goats. |
| A．Weslie is positive, observant, clever but selfish. |
| B．Weslie is often the first to feel danger and see through Wolffy’s plans. |
| C．Paddi hates working and likes to sleep, but he is the most intelligent goat of all of them. |
| D．Though Wolnie often shouts at and hits her husband with her frying pan whenever his plans fail, she does love her husband. |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Do you enjoy reading? Here readers of your age from all over the United States recommend (推薦) great books for you to read:
My favorite book is Don’t Die, My Love by Lurlene McDaniel. I love all her books, but this was the first one I read and I have to say, it is by far my favorite. It doesn’t end like other books, and I cried while reading.I think Nancy Drew is great! Nancy is a detective (偵探) who has many fantastic ideas! I love it because it’s a book from when my grandma was my age, and I can share the fun with her!
I highly recommend Skinny Bones by Barbara Park. It is funny so please add it on your book list. You don’t want to miss out funny stories！I would suggest ______ by Judy Blume. It is based on real things that happened to Judy Blume. It is about a girl, Alice, who meets some girls at a new state. They become friends, make a club and meet once a week. They stop after two weeks because they all like a boy in their class and put him as number one. I think every girl should read this because it is about our growing up.I read a book called Neela: Victory Song and it was so good I read it twice! It takes place in India in 1936 and this 12-year-old girl named Neela tries to save her father! It has lots of history in it! I also learned a lot about different cultures! The author’s name is Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni.
【小題1】According to the reader, Skinny Bones can be described as a ________ story.
| A．sad | B．history | C．funny | D．detective |
| A．Judy Blume. | B．Barbara Park. |
| C．Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni. | D．Lurlene McDaniel. |
| A．My Secret | B．Growing Trouble |
| C．Three Friends | D．Alice Learns a Lesson |
| A．It doesn’t have a common ending like other books. |
| B．It’s based on real things that happened to the author. |
| C．It’s about a12-year-old girl who tries to save her father. |
| D．Both the reader and the reader’s grandma love this book. |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容，補(bǔ)全表格中所缺信息。請將答案按編號依次填入表格內(nèi)的題號后橫線上。 （共 10 小題，每小題 1 分：計 10分）
1、The life difference between east and west.rich and poor becomes clear when we look at how the kids sleep at night.
Jyoti, aged 14, Nepal Jyoti left school at a young age and now lives with one of her sisters in the Nepalese countryside where she works on the farm. 4、①The family sleep on mats on the mud floor in the open air, with an open fire for cooking and keeping warm. Jyoti loves dancing and 5、she wants to become a dancer to make money for her family.
Tzvika, aged 12,West Bank(約旦河西岸), Israel 4、②Tzvika lives in a gated community(社區(qū)) of 36,000 Orthodox Jews in an Israeli settlement( 定 居 點 ) on the West Bank. Televisions and newspapers are not allowed from the settlement. The average family has nine children, but Tzvika has just two brothers, with whom he shares his room. Religion(宗教) is the most important subject, followed by Hebrew language and math. Sport is not allowed in the school. Tzvika wants to be a learned man when he grows up.
Lamine, aged 12, Bounk Village, South Africa Lamine studies at the local all- boy Koran school and shares a room with several other schoolmates. 6、His day starts at six o’clock when he and the other boys work on the school farm with the guide of teachers, and in the afternoon the boys study the Koran(可蘭經(jīng)). In his free time, lamine likes to play football with his friends and when he grows up he would like to teach in this school.
Ahk?xet, aged 15, River Amazon, Brazil 7、①Ahk?xet is a member of the Kraho tribe(部落) living near the river of Amazon. There are only 1,900 members of the tribe. All the tribe members grow and hunt their own food, and any other material 8、they need is bought, using money made from film companies and photographers who visit their camp. He dreams to be head of the tribe when he grows up. Jasmine, aged 14, Kentucky, the US 7、
②Jasmine lives in a big house with her parents and three brothers in the Kentucky countryside. Her father works as a railroad engineer. Her bedroom is filled with her favorite toys and her wardrobe is filled with her dresses, for 9、she normally gets two new dresses every month. She enjoys being treated like a princess, having her hair done and wearing pretty clothes and make-up and would like to be a rock star when she grows up. 
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
It was reported today that in China, 56% of people who write blogs(博客) do so as a personal diary and 83% use their blogs for sending messages to friends. It was also found that there is a strong East- West difference. In places like the US, blogs that offer information on news attract more readers but in China, blogs are more likely to be about sharing personal feelings.
It seems that bloggers can be divided into three types: IT bloggers, bloggers who record their ordinary feelings and media（媒體） bloggers.
When blogging first started, the IT people had the technological advantage and they took the chance to put their thoughts on the web. Some of these IT people now have had over a million people read their blogs.
The next wave of bloggers did not have any training as writers or in IT and wrote about normal daily life. Media bloggers, however, are trained writers, such as journalists and editors. When the many media bloggers showed up, the everyday bloggers lost most of their readers. Media bloggers have the advantage of knowing how to communicate well through the written words.
However, the normal bloggers are still out there and increasing in number. It seems that blogging is the new way to express your feelings. People feel like the world is listening to, or rather reading, their problems, even if they are not.
【小題1】 From the passage we know that________.
| A．56% of the Chinese write blogs |
| B．people in US like to read blogs for news |
| C．the Chinese never share feelings with each other through blogs |
| D．the way that Chinese use blogs is not different from the West |
| A．IT bloggers | B．Media bloggers |
| C．Normal bloggers | D．US bloggers |
| A．There will be more and more normal bloggers. |
| B．Only bloggers express their feelings through the Internet. |
| C．All people in the world are listening to the bloggers’ voice. |
| D．Media bloggers didn’t have the advantage of knowing how to communicate well. |
| A．increased. | B．a(chǎn)ppeared . |
| C．a(chǎn)rrived. | D．grew. |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
It has more than 845 million users worldwide. If it were a country, it would have the third largest population in the world, behind China and India. This is Facebook, a popular website from the US. It is similar to Renren in China.
Mark Zuckerber was born on May 14, 1984. As a little kid, he loved creating little fun computer programs. He set up the network in February of 2004. He was then a second-year student at Harvard University. One day, he had the idea of building a website for Harvard students to get to know each other. He set up the Facebook website. Harvard students could share photos and their personal information there. Soon, the website became very famous. Zuckerberg decided to leave Harvard to run Facebook full time. It was the biggest adventure in his life and later brought him great success. Now, the service is popular around the world.
Greetings such as “Have you checked your Facebook page today?” became a part of young people’s everyday language in the US. People can exchange message and get the latest information about their friends on Facebook. Zuckerberg’s dream is to connect people through the Internet. “Facebook is to make the world more open and connected,” he said.
What’s the young man’s secret to success? Zuckerberg believes it’s important to have an open mind and be ready to try new things. “The riskiest thing is to take no risks,” he once said in an open letter. Sometimes the simplest ideas go furthest. We hope Mar Zuckerberg can go much further, maybe even further than Bill Gates.
【小題1】The underlined word “ it “ in the first paragraph refers to _________.
| A．Facebook | B．Renren | C．India | D．China |
| A．exchange messages | B．share information |
| C．do online shopping | D．put up photos |
| A．a(chǎn)-b-c-d | B．a(chǎn)-c-b-d | C．a(chǎn)-d-b-c | D．a(chǎn)-d-c-b |
| A．Because he wanted to collect some money. |
| B．Because he wanted to connect people online. |
| C．Because he felt bored when studying in Harvard. |
| D．Because he didn’t know his classmates very well. |
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Each nation has many good people who help take care of others. For example, some high school and college students in the United States often spend many hours as volunteers in hospitals, orphanages(孤兒院) or homes for the aged(老人). They read books to the people in these places, or they just visit them or listen to their problems. Other young volunteers go and work in the homes of people who are sick or old. They paint, clean up, or repair houses, do shopping and mow(割草) their lawns(草坪). For boys who no longer have fathers, there is an organization called Big Brothers. College students and other men take these boys to basketball games or on fishing trips and help them get to know things that boys usually learn from their fathers.
Some cities have a number of clubs where boys and girls can go to play games or learn crafts(手藝). Some of these clubs show movies or organize short trips to the mountains, the beaches, museums or other places of interest. Most of these clubs use a lot of high school and college students as volunteers because they are young enough to remember the problems of younger boys and girls.
Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help bring happiness to others.
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案（10分）
【小題1】From the short passage we can see that are often helped by the volunteers.
A、workers in the factory
B、students in school
C、people in the home for the elderly(老人)
【小題2】Young volunteers often go and work in the homes when people are .
A、very busy B、hungry C、in trouble
【小題3】Big Brothers is an organization .
A、to play basketball with the boys who no longer have fathers
B、to help the boys who no longer have fathers
C、to teach the boys who no longer have fathers how to fish
【小題4】Which of the following don’t the clubs do for the boys and girls?
A、Show movies.
B、Organize short trips.
C、Make new clothes for them.
【小題5】The clubs use many students as volunteers because .
A、they believe that the happiest people are those who help bring happiness to others
B、they are so young that they can remember the problems of younger boys and girls
C、they can work very long a day without having a rest
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Although people everywhere seem to enjoy drinking coffee, they don’t all have the same coffee culture. In Europe for example, coffee shops are common places for people to meet friends and to talk while they drink coffee. On the other hand, places like this were not as common in North America in the past. Instead, people in North America liked to drink coffee in their homes with friends. The coffee culture in the USA changed when Starbucks coffee shops spread across the country.[來源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK]
The first Starbucks coffee shop opened in 1971 in downtown Seattle, Washington, in the USA. It was a small coffee shop that cooked its own coffee beans. The coffee shop’s business did well, and by 1981 there were three Starbucks stores in Seattle.
Things really began to change for the company in 1981.That year, Howard Schultz met the three men who ran Starbucks. Schultz worked in New York for a company that made kitchen equipment. He noticed that Starbucks ordered a large number of special coffee makers, which caused his great interest. Schultz went to Seattle to see what Starbucks did. In 1982, the original Starbucks owners hired Schultz as the company’s head of marketing（市場營銷）.
In 1983, Schultz traveled to Italy. The special environment of the espresso (濃咖啡) bars there caught his eyes. Back in the USA, Schultz created an environment for Starbucks coffee shops that was comfortable and casual, and customers everywhere seemed to like it. Starbucks began opening more stores across the USA. Then the company opened coffee shops in other countries as well. Today, there are more than 16,000 Starbucks coffee shops all over the world.
However, that does not mean Starbucks has not had problems. In fact, many Starbucks stores have closed over the past few years. On the one hand, this is because there were too many coffee shops competing for business in one small area. On the other hand, stores in some countries closed because the coffee culture there did not match with the “feel the same everywhere” environment offered by Starbucks.【小題1】 The underlined word “ran” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”.
| A．moved | B．managed |
| C．loved | D．used |
【小題2】 According to the passage, which is the right order for the following sentences?【小題3】Why did so many Starbucks close in some countries?| A．All of the coffee tastes the same. |
| B．The coffee in these places was too expensive. |
| C．The people in these countries didn’t drink coffee. |
| D．There were too many coffee shops in one place. |
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