LONDON (Reuters) — Children are dying for lack of drugs tailored to their needs, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which launched a global campaign on Thursday to promote more research into child medicine.
More than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters.
The problem is even worse in developing countries where price remains a major barrier and 6 million children die each year from treatable conditions.
In the case of HIV/AIDS, the few existing pediatric therapies（兒科的療法）developed for children generally cost three times more than adult ones.
As a result, clinicians lack clear guidelines on the best drug to use and often have to guess at the correct dose.
Fortunately, the WHO has drawn up the first international List of Essential Medicines for Children, containing 206 products considered safe for children.
“But a lot remains to be done. There are priority medicines that have not been adapted for children’s use or are not available when needed,” said Dr Hans, the U.N. agency’s director of medicines policy and standards.
Medicines that need to be adapted to children’s needs include many antibiotics, pain drugs as well as combination pills for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.
The agency is building an Internet entrance linking to clinical trials carried out in children and will launch a Web site with the information early next year.
Testing medicines on children has always been a controversial issue, since good ethical（倫理的）practice requires informed agreement from people participating in clinical trials, which is difficult to obtain in the case of children.
As a result, research-based drug companies have been wary of developing child-friendly medicines and general companies have been slow to produce them at lower cost.
In an attempt to deal with the issue, both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for drugs that have been tested on children.
【小題1】Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
| A．A Global Campaign to Promote Research into AIDS Medicine |
| B．WHO Says Children are Dying for Lack of Child-sized Drugs |
| C．Many People are Concerned about Children’s Drugs |
| D．Measures Taken to Develop Child-friendly Medicine Quickly |
| A．Pain killers. | B．Tuberculosis. |
| C．AID pills. | D．Flu pills. |
| A．It is against good ethical practice |
| B．Children shouldn’t take part in clinical trials. |
| C．It is hard to get informed agreement from children tested. |
| D．Parents don’t allow their children to be tested on medicine. |
| A．fast | B．fond | C．cautious | D．uninterested |
| A．There is still a long way to go on children’s medicine. |
| B．An Internet entrance is being built to link to clinical trials carried out in children. |
| C．Both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for children’s drugs. |
| D．Less than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters |
【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】C
【小題4】C
【小題5】A
解析試題分析：文章介紹現在缺乏兒童藥物的嚴重問題，很多兒童為此在面臨死亡的危險，文章還分析不能在兒童身上檢測藥物的原因。
【小題1】主旨題：從文章的第一段的句子：Children are dying for lack of drugs tailored to their needs, according to the World Health Organization (WHO),可知世界健康組織說兒童因為缺乏兒童藥物在面臨死亡的危險。選B
【小題2】細節題：從第八段的句子：Medicines that need to be adapted to children’s needs include many antibiotics, pain drugs as well as combination pills for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.可知感冒藥不用為兒童改變。選D。
【小題3】細節題：從第九段的句子：Testing medicines on children has always been a controversial issue, since good ethical（倫理的）practice requires informed agreement from people participating in clinical trials, 可知選C
【小題4】猜詞題：從后面的句子：general companies have been slow to produce them at lower cost.可知研究藥物的公司對研發有利于兒童的藥物很謹慎。選C。
【小題5】細節題：從倒數第二段的句子：general companies have been slow to produce them at lower cost.可知開發兒童藥物還有很長的路要走。選A
考點：考查新聞報道短文
點評：文章介紹現在缺乏兒童藥物的嚴重問題，很多兒童為此在面臨死亡的危險，文章還分析不能在兒童身上檢測藥物的原因。要求考生仔細閱讀這篇文章，耐心審題，結合題目做出準確的定位判斷。必要的時候要進行推理，透過句子表面看作者的真正意圖。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：
根據對話內容，從對話后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
-- What do you think I ought to see first in London? I’m told one ought to see the British Museum．
Do you think I shall have time for that?
－ But if I were you, I should leave that for some other day．You could spend a whole day there．It’s much too big to be seen in an hour or so．
－I suppose it is．
－That’s not a bad idea．You could spend a couple of hours there comfortably, or even a whole afternoon, watching the wild animals and all those birds．You could have tea there too．
－I’ll do that, then．How do I get there?
－ Where are we now? Oh, there’s that big building．I think your best way from here is to take Baker Street．
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－Oh, no , a quarter of an hour or so , but, if you’re in a hurry, why not take a taxi?
－I think I will．
A．Let me see．
B．Well, you might．
C．What time is it now?
D．Is it much of a walk?
E．Ah, here’s one coming．
F．What about going to the Zoo?
G．Must I stay in London for long?
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年山西大學附中高二上學期第一次階段考試英語卷 題型：完型填空
In 1977, a dead author of detective stories saved the life of a 19-month-old baby in a most unusual way. The author was Agatha Christie, one of the most successful writers of detective stories in the world.
In June 1977, a baby girl became seriously ill in Qatar, near Saudi Arabia. Doctors were unable to _31_the cause of her illness, so she _32_ to London and admitted to Hammersmith Hospital, where specialist help was _33 _. She was then only half-conscious（半昏迷） and on the “Dangerously Ill” list. A team of doctors hurried to _34_the baby only to discover that they, 35_, were puzzled by the very unusual symptoms. While they were discussing the baby’s case, a nurse asked to __36 to them.
“Excuse me,” said nurse Marsha Maitland, “_37_ I think the baby is __38_ from thallium poisoning.”
“_39 _ makes you think that?” Dr. Brown asked. “Thallium poisoning is extremely _40_.”
“A few days ago, I was reading a novel called A Pale Horse __41__ Agatha Christie,” Nurse Maitland explained. “In the book, somebody uses thallium poison, and _42_ the symptoms are _43_. They are exactly the same as the baby’s.”
“You’re very observant and you may be right,” another doctor said. “We’ll _44_some tests and find out _45_ it’s thallium or not.”
The _46_ showed that the baby had 47_ been poisoned by thallium, a rare metal used in making optical（光學的） glass. _48_ they knew the cause of illness, the doctors were able to give the correct treatment. The baby soon _49_ and was sent back to Qatar. Inquiries（調查）showed that the poison __50_ from an insecticide（殺蟲劑）used in Qatar.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012屆山東省淄博市高三復習階段性檢測英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Teenagers will be told to "stand up for their elders" on public transport — or risk losing their right to free travel.
London Mayor Boris Johnson will declare plans today to make youngsters sign a “courtesy pledge" (文明宣言) to promise to behave in a respectful manner when travelling in the capital. The three-point pledge states that they will give up their seats to the elderly, pregnant and disabled; keep from using offensive or threatening language; and be courteous and polite to fellow passengers and staff.
Those who refuse, or are caught behaving in a loutish manner, will have their free travel passes removed. The plan — a key part of Mr. Johnson's re-election bid— will initially affect the 400,000 ll-to-15-year-olds in London who qualify for free travel cards, but Tory sources believe the idea could be used across the country.
A Conservative insider said: "The plan corresponds perfectly with the push to create a Big Society. It is about changing culture and expectations around behavior to improve the atmosphere on buses and trains for everyone."
Speaking before today's launch, Mr. Johnson said he was determined to deal with the anti-social behavior of a "minority of youngsters" on public transport. "When I was a boy, I was taught to stand up for those less able to, "he said. "Youngsters enjoy the privilege of free travel, which is paid for by Londoners, but they have to understand that with that privilege comes responsibility. Anyone who abuses this privilege will have it taken away, and will have to earn that right bach ."
Teenagers found guilty of a serious violation of the new behavior rules will lose their travel passes, and will have to carry out unpaid community work to earn them back.
Mr. Johnson is also introducing a "two strikes and you're out" policy to deal with repeat offenders, under which those committing a second serious violation of the rules will lose their travel rights permanently.
【小題1】Which of the following is NOT the content of the "courtesy pledge"?
| A．Teenagers should give up their seats to the old. |
| B．Teenagers shouldn't talk with strangers in public. |
| C．Teenagers mustn't use aggressive language in public. |
| D．Teenagers must be polite to people on public transport. |
| A．rude | B．stupid | C．polite | D．calm |
| A．youngsters should know duty comes with benefit |
| B．youngsters shouldn't use the privilege of free travel |
| C．anyone shouldn't make money with the privilege |
| D．youngsters should do some unpaid community work |
| A．to sign an agreement | B．to work in the community |
| C．to be fined | D．to lose their travel passes forever |
| A．London Mayor Boris Johnson is a great person |
| B．The plan corresponds perfectly with the Big Society |
| C．Be polite and stand up for your elders or lose free travel |
| D．The "courtesy pledge” has been used across the country |
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科目：高中英語 來源：遼寧省師大附中2009-2010學年度高一下學期期中考試英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
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Millions of people will be able to track each and every move by friends and family through their mobile phones，thanks to a new feature launched by Google yesterday．
The new system named “Latitude” uses a map to show exactly where a loved one is at any time, sometimes discovering their location to a few meters．Worried parents will be able to check up on where their children have got to after school, friends can meet for a quick drink if they see they are nearby and wives will be able to see if their husbands really are working late at the office．
The feature was made available immediately on millions of mobile phones that can access the web，such as the Black Berry．Within weeks Google hopes to launch a new one that will also work on computers as well．
“Once you've shared your location，you can hide it from all of your friends at once，or you can turn off Google Latitude completely at any time．” said a Google spokesman．“You can adjust your privacy settings in Latitude so that you share as much or as little about your location as you want，with whom you want．”
Google said that the company had tested the product with thousands of people to make sure that it was safe for the customers，but experts were not so sure．Simon Davies，director of Privacy International，said Latitude would open up a “privacy minefield（危險地帶）”．
“It's about the little white lies．You might be avoiding going to work, and now your boss might be able to see that you're at Twickenham instead of at home．”said Ian Angell, an information expert at the London School of Economics．“You've already got mobile phone technology where husbands and wives track each other in secret．Now Google is so widely used that it will only worsen the situation．”
60. According to Google，the new system “Latitude” can ___________．
A．prove that the partner has told a lie about working late
B．tell the parents the locations of their children after school
C．provide the friends with the most suitable pub for a drink
D．help people find what their loved ones are doing at any time
61. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refers to ___________．
A．the new system B. the Google company
C. the mobile phone D. the privacy minefield
62. From the passage，we know that Ian Angell believed ___________．
A．Latitude keeps husbands and wives in good relationship
B．Google tricked all its customers to make more money
C．with Latitude more privacy problems would come up
D．privacy settings could protect your personal information
63. The best title of the passage might be ___________．
A．Google Allows You to Track Friends' and Families' Every Move
B．Google and BlackBerry Open the New Webs to Their Customers
C．Latitude Working on Computers is Being Developed by Google
D．Latitude Sets a Good Example on Mobile Phone Privacy Settings
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科目：高中英語 來源：北京市豐臺區2010屆高三下學期統一練習（二）英語 題型：閱讀理解
There are still many things that Peter Cooke would like to try his hand at－ paper – making and feather – work are on his list. For the moment though, he will stick to the skill he has been delighted to perfect over the past ten years ;making delicate and unusual objects out of shells.
As he leads me round his apartment showing me his work, he points to a pair of shell-covered ornaments(裝飾品) above a fireplace. ‘I shan’t be at all bothered if people don’t buy them because I have got so used to them, and to me they’re adorable. I never meant to sell my work commercially. Some friends came to see me about five years ago and said, “You must have an exhibition-people ought to see these. We’ll talk to a man who owns an art gallery”.’ The result was an exhibition in London, at which 70 percent of the objects were sold. His second exhibition opened at the gallery yesterday. Considering the enormous prices the pieces command-around ￡2,000 for the ornaments-an empty space above the fireplace would seem a small sacrifice for Cooke to make.
“I do wish, though,” says Cooke, ‘that I’d taken this up a lot earlier, because then I would have been able to produce really wonderful things-at least the potential would have been there. Although the ideas are still there and I’m doing the best I can now, I’m more limited physically than I was when I started. Still, the work that he has managed to produce is a long way from the common shell constructions that can be found in seaside shops. ‘I have a miniature(微型的)mind’ he says, and this has resulted in boxes covered in thousands of tiny shells, little shaded pictures made from shells and baskets of astonishingly realistic flowers.
Cooke’s quest for beautiful, and especially tiny, shells has taken him further than his Norfolk shore: to France, Thailand, Mexico, South Africa and the Philippines, to name but a few of the beaches where he has lain on his stomach and looked for beauties to bring home.
67．What does the reader learn about Peter Cooke in the first paragraph?
A．He has produced hand-made objects in different materials.
B．He hopes to work with other materials in the future.
C．He has written about his love of making shell objects.
D．He was praised for his shell objects many years ago.
68．When looking round his apartment, the wrier__________.
A．is attracted by Cooke’s personality
B．realizes he doesn’t like Cooke’s work at all
C．feels uncertain about giving Cooke his opinion
D．senses that Cooke wants his products to be admired
69．The ‘small sacrifice’ in Paragraph 2 refers to _________.
A．the loss of Cooke’s ornaments
B．the display of Cooke’s ornaments
C．the cost of keeping Cooke’s ornaments
D．the space required to store Cooke’s ornaments
70．What does Cooke regret about his work?
A．He is not as famous as he should have been.
B．He makes less money than he should make.
C．He is less imaginative than he used to be.
D．He is not as skillful as he used to be.
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