The West began to take more notice of the East.The fifth volume of an enormous work reassessing the Chinese contribution to science and technology is to be published next year.The first volume,which was published twenty years ago,set the tone for the whole work.In it,evidence was given to show that many inventions which,until then,western historians had claimed forEurope,were made first in China.The attempt to rewrite the intellectual history of the world was not received without protest by some reputable historians.However,the evidence that has been presented so far in the first four volumes has persuaded many historians who were skeptical at first.China’s invention of paper,printing,the magnetic compass and gunpowder has never been disputed,but this new history has added advanced bridge design,mechanical clocks,paddle boats and many other inventions to the list.
In the four volumes published so far no attempt has been made to explain why China has not kept up with the West in science and technology in modern times.It is probable that the answer is to be found in the social and economic history of China,where a static(穩定的) society under a relatively kind regime(政權) of scholar-gentry(貴族) contrasts with the potentially revolutionary and dynamic(有活力的) society of the West at the end of the Middle Ages.In recent years,the Chinese government has been making every effort to catch up with the West again,and there is little doubt that the gap is being reduced year by year.But will China avoid the West’s mistakes?
The first volume was published__________.
A.ten years ago B.last year C.five years ago D.twenty years ago
In Line 7,the word “skeptical” means _________.
A.doubtful B.worried C.sad D.angry
Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?
A.Gunpowder. B.Needle. C.Paddle boats. D.Bridge design.
The best title for this passage is _________.
A.China’s Inventions
B.Comparisons Between the East and the West
C.China Is Catching Up
D.Situations in China
【小題1】D
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
【小題4】A
【小題1】由第二、三行話可知。
【小題2】“However，the evidence that has been presented so far in the first four volumes has persuaded many historians who were skeptical at first.”這一句的意思是在前五冊中所給出的證據已使得開始對此持懷疑態度的一些歷史學家信服了。
【小題3】細節歸納題。A、C、D三項在文章中都有所提及。
【小題4】主旨歸納題。文章主要介紹五冊有關中國科技方面的成就的著作。
階梯計算系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：設計必修四英語北師版 北師版 題型：050
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Handshaking, though a European practice, is now often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (無武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other's hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice wax later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. "Let's shake (hands) on it' sometimes means agreement reached.
Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No. Some-times the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite, it is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or her. Even if', for politeness, lie holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly. There is generally a misunderstanding (誤解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact some people in western countries are more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.
In the old days in Europe, people put out their unarmed hands to each other .
A. to make a deal B. to greet each other
C. to show friendliness D. to reach an agreement
The first paragraph mainly tells us .
A. where handshaking was first practised
B. how handshaking came about
C. about the relationship between handshaking and trade
D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China
According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
A. Westerners are more reserved than the Chinese.
B. Westerners are unwilling to shake hands.
C. We should make a judgment before shaking hands.
D. We shouldn't shake hands with European women.
The main purpose of the text is
A. to tell us some differences between the East and the West
B. to offer us some important facts about handshaking
C. to introduce us to some different customs in the West
D. to give us some advice before we travel abroad
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年河南省鄭州市第四中學高二下學期期中考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
TANG Dynasty writer Du Mu once wrote in a poem titled Qingming: "The ceaseless drizzle drips all the dismal day; So broken-hearted fares the traveler on the way.Where can a wine house be found to drown his sadness ?A cowherd points to Almond Flower (Xing Hua) Village in the distance."
Qingming, the traditional tomb-sweeping day on the Chinese lunar calendar, falls on April 4 this year. Qingming Jie was proclaimed（正式宣布） a Chinese national holiday in 2008. It is a time for remembering loved ones who have departed (去世). People visit their ancestors’ graves to sweep away the dirt and get rid of any weeds. They also leave offerings (祭品) of food and flowers, and burn incense (香) and paper money. Chinese tombs are usually built in the woods or on mountains, far from the city. It is believed that an area that faces south, with many pine trees, is a proper place for a tomb. People believe such a place will make the ancestors happy, and in return, they will look after the living family.
Nowadays, more and more residents are choosing environmental-friendly ways to spend the holiday such as flower sacrifices and memorial ceremonies on the Internet or at home. As one of the traditional ways to celebrate Tomb-sweeping Day – burning paper or incense – isn't exactly good for air quality
In contrast to the sadness of the tomb sweepers, people also enjoy hope of Spring on this day. The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines brightly, the trees and grass become green and nature is again lively. Since ancient times, people have followed the custom of Spring outings. At this time tourists are everywhere
Many people fly kites on Tomb Sweeping Day. They are usually made from a bamboo crossbow with coloured paper. The kite vibrates and buzzes as it rises into the sky, counterbalanced by its tail. Large kites can be as broad as three metres across, with a tail of six to ten metres. Most kites have a rectangular shape, and many have patterns of crabs, centipedes, butterflies, dragonflies, or Chinese characters such as "good fortune" or "long life".
【小題1】What’s the main idea of the second paragraph?
| A．The cultural difference between the east and the west. |
| B．The traditional customs on tomb-sweeping day. |
| C．Various ways to care for the dead in the world. |
| D．Qingming Festival |
| A．Weeping over the passed-away. |
| B．Flying kites made from bamboo and paper |
| C．Sending flowers to their ancestors’ graves. |
| D．Burning incense and paper money for the dead. |
| A．Du Mu ,the well-known poet in Song Dynasty wrote a poem about Qing Ming. |
| B．Qingming Festival used to be a Chinese national holiday. |
| C．People have the custom of flying kites on Qing Ming. |
| D．Those whose ancestors were buried in proper places will have a bright future. |
| A．enable us to observe traditional tomb-sweeping day. |
| B．show traditional and present ways to spend Qingming Festival . |
| C．educate people to show their respect to the ancestors |
| D．raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學年內蒙古呼倫貝爾市高三第二次模擬考試英語題 題型：閱讀理解
By the year 1869 when the first transcontinental railroad was finished, over 350,000 pioneers had taken the Oregon Trail to head west and start a new life, which is known as the Gold Rush Period in American history. Many of these were women and most were accompanied by children.
Before heading west, many women often spent their day doing nothing more than visiting, needlework, and the occasional gardening of flowers. Others were not from as wealthy families and had to work alongside their men as laborers. Neither type was in most cases prepared for the hardships that lay ahead.
Once they did reach their destination, the work was far from over. A house would need to be built. Women quickly learned to use all kinds of tools right alongside their husbands. At the first sign of spring, a garden would need to be planted. Pioneer women also had to deal with dangerous wild animals, including bears and lions. Indians were also a concern, and some did fall to their deaths by the Indians’ hand. Where were the men when all this was being done? Working the fields and mining were the two most usual occupations. Their remaining work, which there was plenty of, fell to the women and the oldest children if there were any.
Women who headed west learned quickly that there was much more to life than teas and visiting. They had no choice but to struggle for survival. This was their life.
1.What is the passage mainly about?
A. Changes in the Gold Rush Period.
B. New life in the West.
C. Great people in American history.
D. Pioneer women to the West.
2.By mentioning women’s life before heading west in paragraph 2, the author implies (暗示) that .
A. it was a real struggle for women to adapt to the hard life in the West
B. it was not reasonable for women to give up their comfortable life
C. it was a better choice for women to experience a new and hard life
D. it was necessary for women to change their lifestyle completely
3.According to the passage, which was NOT the problem women faced when heading west?
A. They had no choice but to throw away many of their beloved things.
B. They could not take their children along because of the hard journey.
C. It was common that they lost their husbands in some accidents.
D. They suffered from diseases or even lost their lives.
4.Women were kept busy with all the following work EXCEPT _________.
A. building a house
B. planting a garden
C. driving wild animals away
D. caring for the Indians
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010-2011學年四川省成都市高三上學期九月診斷性考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
Handshaking, though a European practice, is now often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (無武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. The practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.
Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No. Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman,
shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean
anything to him or her. Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly. There is generally a misunderstanding(誤解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact some people in western countries are more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.
1. In the old days in Europe, people put out their unarmed hands to each other.
A. to make a deal B. to greet each other
C. to show friendliness D. to reach an agreement
2.The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A. where handshaking was first practised
B. how handshaking came about
C. about the relationship between handshaking and trade
D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China
3.According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
A. Westerners are more reserved than the Chinese.
B. Westerners are unwilling to shake hands.
C. We should make a judgement before shaking hands.
D. We shouldn’t shake hands with European women.
4.The main purpose of the text is______.
A. to tell us some differences between the East and the West
B. to offer us some important facts about handshaking
C. to introduce us to some different customs in the West
D. to give us some advice before we travel abroad
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