Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working harder than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops, and factories are discovering the great efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunch rooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever increasing output. Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comfort and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.
Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local café?
Since the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.
In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.
【小題1】Which of the following is a feature of the old French way of life?
| A．Leisure, elegance, and efficiency |
| B．Elegance, efficiency, and taste |
| C．Leisure, elegance, and taste |
| D．Elegance, efficiency, and leisure |
| A．Many of them prefer the modern life style. |
| B．They actually enjoy working at the assembly line. |
| C．They are more concerned with money than before. |
| D．They are more competitive than the old generation. |
| A．in pursuing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhere |
| B．it’s now unlikely to see a Frenchman enjoying a stroll by the river |
| C．the French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked apples |
| D．great changes have occurred in the life style of all Frenchmen |
| A．Critics are greater in number than people enjoying the new way of life. |
| B．Students critics are greater in number than critics in other fields. |
| C．Students critics have, on occasion, resorted to violent means against the trend. |
| D．Critics are concerned solely with the present and not the future. |
| A．Changes in the French Way of Life |
| B．Criticism of the New Life Style |
| C．The Americanization of France |
| D．Features of the New Way of Life |
【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】A
【小題4】C
【小題5】A
解析試題分析：
【小題1】C 推理題。根據文章第二段3,4,5行They fear that “assembly line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple,說明法國以前的生活方式是休閑，優雅和有品位。故C正確。
【小題2】.B 細節題。根據第二段2,3行They fear that “assembly line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely說明法國人擔心這樣的流水線式的生活會導致以前的法國的生活方式的消失，使用說他們喜歡這樣的流水線的生活的說法是錯誤的。故B的說法符合題意。
【小題3】A 段落大意題。根據文章第二段可知，法國人在現代生活中最求很多的物質方面的享受，卻失去了很多過去法國人所一直擁有的東西。故A正確。
【小題4】C 細節題。根據文章倒數第二段最后一句Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.說明C正確。
【小題5】.A 主旨大意題。文章主要講述的就是法國人的生活方式的變化。故A正確。
考點：考查了文化類短文閱讀
點評：文章主要講述了在現代社會中法國人的生活方式和以前比較，已經有了很大的變化，在追求物質材料的同時也讓他們失去了很多法國原來的古老的生活方式的優點。很多人都批評這樣的生活方式，甚至采取了暴力手段。本文要求學生有較強的跨文化意識，要求他們能夠根據文章的細節確定考查的內容所在的語群，做出精準的選擇。
科目：高中英語 來源：2011年山東省高考模擬練習題（二）英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
During the last twenty years there has been increasing concern with the quality of the environment. Along with air and water pollutions, noises pollution has been recognized as a serious pollutant. As noise levels have risen, the effects of noise have become more apparent.
Noise is defined as "unwanted sound". Causes of noise pollution include traffic, aircraft, rock bands, barking dogs, televisions, garbage trucks, and noise from neighbors, voices, alarms, and watercrafts. Studies show that over forty percent of Americans are disturbed at home or lose sleep because of noise pollution.
Noise has bad effects on people and the environment. Noise causes hearing loss, interferes (妨礙) with human activities at home and work, and is in various ways dangerous to people's health and well being.
When we think, talk, listen to music, or sleep, we need quiet. Even low levels of noise can be
annoying or frustrating. Sudden increases in volume can make sounds annoying. The quieter the background is, the more penetrating a noise can be.
Noise can also make instructions or warning unclear, resulting in accidents. Louder noise bursts can be more disruptive (破壞性).Continued stress can lead to high blood pressure, which is the major cause of some diseases.
Long exposure to noise levels above eight-five decibels (分貝) can damage inner cells and lead to hearing loss. Noise can result in the involuntary fear response and can cause adrenaline (腎上腺素) to be pumped into the bloodstream, the heart rate to quicken, muscles to tense, breathing to increase, and the digestive system to slow down.
Local government has the responsibility to fight noise pollution. For example, it can regulate the speed of trains through their community. On the other hand, a responsible citizen will never make noise pollution wherever he is.
【小題1】 How many kinds of environmental pollution are mentioned in the text?
| A．Two | B．Three | C．Four | D．Five |
| A．parties and meetings | B．zoos and theaters |
| C．schools and factories | D．vehicles and animals |
| A．High and exciting | B．Sharp and shocking |
| C．Loud and unpleasant | D．Clear and comfortable |
| A．individuals and government should work together to reduce noise pollution |
| B．the government should offer it's people better education on noise pollution |
| C．the government should be responsible for noise pollution |
| D．people who make noise pollution should be punished |
| A．hearing loss | B．speeding the digestive system |
| C．high blood pressure | D．accidents |
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科目：高中英語 來源：浙江省寧波市2009-2010學年八校聯考高二下學期期末考試試題（英語） 題型：閱讀理解
第三部分：閱讀理解（第一節20小題，第二節5小題；每小題2分,共50分）
第一節：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卷上將該項標號涂黑。
Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working harder than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops, and factories are discovering the great efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunch rooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever increasing output. Thus the "typical" Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comfort and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.
Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics(批評家). They fear that “assembly line(裝配線)life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance(優雅), and the cultivation of the good things in life to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a walk by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local café?
Since the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the achievements of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. At times, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.
In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.
1.Which of the following is not given as a feature(特色) of the old French way of life?
A. Leisure. B. Taste. C. Elegance D. Efficiency.
2. The passage suggests that _________.
A. the smell of freshly picked apples is no more popular with the French
B. it’s now unlikely to see a Frenchman enjoying a walk by the river
C. in pursuing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhere
D. student critics are great in number than the people enjoying the new lifestyle
3. Which of the following is NOT true about Frenchmen?
A. Many of them prefer the modern life style.
B. They actually enjoy working at the assembly line.
C. They are more concerned with money than before.
D. They are more competitive than the old generation.
4.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
A. Great changes have occurred in the French way of Life.
B. The new life style in France is facing serious criticism.
C. France has been pushed in the forefront of the world economy.
D. Frenchmen used to be lazy and only enjoy life conveniences.
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Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.
The problem we faced with is that our resources, here identified as money are __50__. The only way we can solve the problem is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of __51__ and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and __52__ we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics---deciding how to allocate(分配) our limited resources to provide __53__ with greatest satisfaction of our wants.
Nations face the same problem. As a country's population __54__, the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there are __55__ enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living room, in the conference room of the corporation __56__ of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find __57__ of allocating（分配） limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.
A short time ago, economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in __58__ abundance(豐富) that economists had___59____ them. After all, economics is the __60__ of scarcity and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are __61_ very expensive to use. Population has made clean air and water expensive for producers extra cost, and __62__ taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment.
In the 1990s, almost all goods are __63__. Only by effort and money can they be obtained .
Meeting needs of people and the demands from resource available __64__ the basic activity of production. In trying to meet unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.
50.A. limited B. unlimited C. scarcity D. abundant
51.A. want B. problem C. wants D. resources
52.A. those B. some C. others D. many
53.A. them B. themselves C. ourselves D. ours
54.A. expand B. extends C. grows D. increase
55.A. always B. sometimes C. often D. never
56.A. management B. function C. board D. group
57.A. people B. economists C. way D. methods
58.A. so B. great C. such D. such an
59.A. much concern forB. no concern with C. no concern for D. much concern in
60.A. form B. study C. means D. source
61.A. possibly B. in practice C. in fact D. practically
62.A. from B. at C. for D. with
63.A. plentiful B. scarce C. abundant D. in full supply
64.A. are led to B. leading to C. lead to D. leads to
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科目：高中英語 來源：2006年高考試題（北京卷）解析版 題型：閱讀理解
A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities (個性) and food experiences. “One week later,” Loftus says, “we told those people we’d fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail (細節). “You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人為促成的) memory through leading questions --- Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they’d avoid eating it.
When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it’s not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don’t eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that false memories can be implanted (灌輸) only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it’s for the patient’s benefit.
Loftus says there’s nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say, wake up --- parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that’s more moral lie. Decide that for yourself.”
一個人的飲食習慣的能改變？一個善意的謊言是怎樣做到的？
1.Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?
A. To improve her computer program.
B. To find out their attitudes towards food.
C. To find out details she can make use of.
D. To predict what food they’ll like in the future.
2.What did Loftus find out from her research?
A. People believe what the computer tells them.
B. People can be led to believe in something false.
C. People tend to forget their childhood experiences.
D. People are not always aware of their personalities.
3.According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they _______.
A. learn it is harmful for health
B. lie to themselves that they don’t want it
C. are willing to let doctors control their minds
D. think they once had a bad experience of eating it
4.What is the biggest concern with the method?
A. Whether it is moral. B. Who it is best for.
C. When it is effective. D. How it should be used.
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