The history of English Coins
English coins have developed and changed over time. In the early 1600s' coins were made using the hammer struck method. Hammered coins or cast coins where the primary way coins were made and thus limited the number of coins that may be placed into circulation (流通). Hammered coins were made as far back as the first millennium BC with continued in use until the 1500s to the 1700s. English coins underwent a change in about 1663.
Hammered English coins were made using a blank quantity of metal that was the required weight and placing it between two dies. A die is a mold (模子) that allows the metal to get cut to a certain size and shape.The metal die contained an image that when hammered without delay would mold the image on each side of the coin. The unit was customarily place on a log or other firm surface which was known as a pile. One person held the die while a second person struck it.
There were several issues with this kind of coin making. For one thing, it was extremely slow and work in depth. Comparatively few coins might be made and placed into circulation. A second problem was that hammered coins had many irregularities. When several coins were placed together in a container and shaken about they were damaged as well. That is why older English coins might have chips(缺口) and rough edges.
During the 17th century hammered coins were replaced with milled (軋有花邊的) coins. While France was the first country to start producing coins that were made entirely by machine, Britain wasn't far behind. Britain, in fact, began to manufacture coins on a trial basis in the mid?1500s, but it wasn't until the end of 1662 that English coins were made completely by machine.
The screw press (螺旋壓力機) was the first machine to produce coins as an alternative to hammered coins. Leonardo da Vinci was the person who invented the screw press in the 15th century. It was powered by a water mill. Early on efforts were made to protect the coins by edging. You'll see that English?made coins have milled edges.
Milled English coins were much more standard in size and shape as well. The speed at which milled coins could be created allowed the coin circulation to grow and a greater number of coin types to be developed.
English coins were used in this country during the royally period. Hammered coins were produced and used up through the end of the 18th century and were given out across the colonies. English coins went through quite a lot of changes as can be seen in old coins that have been started in the US over time.
__1.__of English coins????????????? Time & Major Events
Hammered
coins????????????? ◆The hammer struck method used to make coins has a history dating back to the first millennium BC.
◆At least two people are needed to carry out the work, with one _2.__the die and the other striking it.
◆__3._：
◆The number of coins made and placed into circulation this way was _4.__.
◆Older English coins were quite __5._，with many having chips and rough edges.
◆Such coins were placed into circulation across the colonies and __6._ in use through the end of the 18th century.
Milled coins????????????? During
the 15th
century????????????? ◆Leonardo da Vinci _7.__the screw press, the 1st machine to produce coins.
????????????? In the
mid?1500s????????????? Britain __8._manufacturing coins.
????????????? In the
17th
century????????????? ◆France became the first country to start producing coins made entirely by machine，_9.__ by Britain, whose machine?made coins were featured by milled edges, but were more regular in size and shape.
◆The coin circulation began to grow.
◆Milled coins appeared as a(n) __10._ to hammered coins.
1.Types
2.holding
3.Disadvantages/Problems/Issues
4.limited
5.irregular
6.remained
7.invented
8.tried
9.followed
10.alternative
【解析】本文介紹了英國硬幣的歷史及鑄造歷程。
1.解析 第一段講到了硬幣的不同類型。以下幾段都是分別介紹這些種類。
答案 Types
2.解析 由One person held the die while a second person struck it.可知答案。
答案 holding
3.解析 由第三段首句可知答案。
答案 Disadvantages/Problems/Issues
4.解析 由Comparatively few coins might be made and placed into circulation.可知答案。
答案 limited
5.解析 由A second problem was that hammered coins had many irregularities.可知答案。
答案 irregular
6.解析 由末段的Hammered coins were produced and used up through the end of the 18th century可知答案。
答案 remained
7.解析 由倒數第三段的Leonardo da Vinci was the person who invented the screw press in the 15th century.可知答案。
答案 invented
8.解析 由第四段的Britain, in fact, began to manufacture coins on a trial basis in the mid?1500s可知答案。
答案 tried
9.解析 由While France was the first country to start producing coins that were made entirely by machine, Britain wasn't far behind.可知答案。
答案 followed
10.解析 由第四段首句可知答案。
答案 alternative
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A．introduce an Internet computer Web site called “blog” |
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B．medical advice |
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A．Politicians don’t use blogs at all |
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B．A lot of bloggers no longer write or read blogs |
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C．Those who like to use blogs are mostly teenage girls |
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D．Dave Winer closed his “weblogs.com” because of money shortage |
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A．it was created by a woman |
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B．it provides plenty of useful information and advice |
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C．it is about the history of books |
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D．it has editions in at least four different languages |
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A．Street art has become popular and is accepted as a kind of culture. |
|
B．Street art is very special compared with other forms of popular art. |
|
C．Many people are beginning to learn street art. |
|
D．Street art is better developed in big cities than in rural areas. |
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A．“TAG” was a word created by people to distinguish street artists and the other artists. |
|
B．There are three reasons explaining why it is hard to define the history of street art. |
|
C．The movement of street art began in the 1980s in New York City. |
|
D．All the people don’t think that the street art is a rich form of cultural expression. |
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|
A．they caused arguments between people |
B．they were ugly in someone’s eyes |
|
C．they were not painted under proper guidance |
D．they didn’t express traditional culture |
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