Parents are often amazed at how fast their child grows and develops. New research has determined that the ability to quantify may develop much sooner than most parents realize.
Kristy vanMarle, professor of the University of Missouri, has determined that contrary to what previous studies have shown, infants（嬰兒）are able to quantify substances（物質）—like sand or water—as early as 10 months. As long as the difference between the two substances is large enough, infants will choose the larger amount, especially when it comes to food.
With the assistance of her team researchers, vanMarle tested the quantifying skills of babies by presenting them with two cups: one containing a small amount of food, and one containing a larger amount. Consistently, the babies chose the larger amount.
“Several studies throughout the last 15 years have shown that infants are very good at telling how many objects they see; however, infants don’t seem to count things like water or sand,” vanMarle said. “What we’re saying is that they can quantify substances; it’s just much harder. The infants can see how much food goes into each cup and compare that in their memories. They decide which amount is larger, and they almost always select the larger one.”
This information further refutes（駁斥）the long-held idea that babies “know nothing of the world,” vanMarle said.
“Since psychologists have begun studying infants with sensitive measures, we’ve discovered a lot of early abilities. I think for parents, it should be exciting to know that there’s somebody in there that has some fundamental and basic knowledge of the world, and that knowledge is guiding their development,” vanMarle said.
In the future, vanMarle says this kind of study could be linked to a child’s progress in math-related skills, although programs marketed to increase those abilities, such as “Baby Einstein,” still have mixed reviews when it comes to academic study.
1. The quantifying ability refers to the ability to .
A. choose between different substances
B. get much knowledge of the world
C. describe the quantity of something
D. obtain math-related skills
2. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?
A. The process of doing research.
B. The scientific findings.
C. The final choice of infants.
D. The observation of infants’ behavior.
3.Babies choose the larger amount of food .
A. by saying numbers B. with the help of parents
C. on personal preference D. through their natural abilities
4. What’s the best title of the text?
A. Breakthrough in Baby Studies
B. Amazing Baby-training Ideas
C. Early Human Abilities
D. Unique Quantifying Methods
培優口算題卡系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：皇冠優化名題 高中英語 題型：050
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Here is some general information about Edison Elementary School .For more information, you can visit our website which is printed on the cover．
Attendance:
Please contact the office at 480．472．5282 if your child is going to be absent．
Renaissance Reading:
The Accelerated Reader （AR） Program is a computerized reading enrichment program that combines great children’s literature with computer skills．As an individualized reading program, it is designed to motivate students to read more and to read good literature．Students of different abilities can use this program．It is not a competitive program but one that improves any student's reading ability．
Here is how it works．Students select books in their reading range from our Accelerated Reader Selection and read it at their own pace．Once the student has completed the book, he/she is ready to take an AR quiz．Each quiz consists of 5, 10, or 20 multiple choice comprehensive questions about the book．
After taking the quiz, the computer shows the student how many questions he/she answered correctly, shows the correct answers for missed questions, and praises the students' efforts with an on-screen personalized message．Passing the quiz assures the teacher and the parent that the child actually read and understood the book．Each student tests independently—reading the quiz questions himself/herself．
The computer keeps track of reading points, books, and average test scores, as well as other data．A student may test on a book only once and should, therefore, have thoroughly read and understood the contents before taking the quiz．Each student is responsible for reading the screen to be sure the quiz, by title and author, is the correct one he/she wishes to take．
Students are recognized for their accomplishments with praise from the teachers and special recognition at the classroom level when individual and/or classroom goals are met．
P．T．0．
We have an active Parent -Teacher Organization．They have monthly meetings, check the calendar for the meeting times and places．
40. The passage may be selected from _____.
A .a magazine B .a newspaper C .a website D .a novel
41. The passage is written for _____.
A. general readers B. parents C. teachers D. primary students
42. Which of the following is TRUE about how Renaissance Reading works?
A. Students select books based on the instruction of the computer.
B. Students take the quiz without others' arrangements.
C. The result of the quiz will be kept by teachers.
D. The summary of the book to be selected is shown on the screen.
43. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A. students won't be punished if they don't pass the quiz
B. students only have one chance to test on a book
C .students won't be praised if they reach their goals
D. parents meet the teachers once once a term
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