Where on Earth are you? Navigators (導航員) use lines of latitude and lines of longitude to locate places. Lines of latitude run east and west around Earth. On a map or globe, these lines appear as running sideways or horizontally. Lines of longitude run north and south around Earth. These lines go up and down or vertically on a map or globe. These lines create an imaginary graph paper on the Earth. They make it possible to find an absolute, or exact, location on Earth. They even allow us to give an absolute location to a place out in the middle of the ocean.
Lines of latitude tell us how far north or south of the Equator we are. Sailors have used primitive navigation tools, like astrolabes, since ancient times. The astrolabe uses the sun and stars to find an approximate location. Using such tools, they have been able to approximate their distance from the equator. Although their instruments may not have been the high quality we have now, they were incredibly accurate (精確) for their time.
Lines of longitude tell us how far east or west of the prime meridian (本初子午線) we are. Sailors constantly looked for new ways to increase their navigation skills. Still, it wasn’t until the 18th century that they were able to measure degrees of longitude. They would have been very envious of the technology available to us today.
When we use lines of latitude and longitude together, we can get a very precise location. If we want to identify the absolute location of a point, we look where the latitude and longitude lines cross nearest to that point. We use the coordinates (坐標) for that point as its address. Many maps today include degrees of latitude and longitude.
【小題1】______ make it possible for people to find an exact place on Earth.
| A．Latitudes | B．Longitudes | C．Navigators | D．Sailors |
| A．the function of latitude | B．the use of the equator |
| C．the invention of astrolabe | D．the high quality instruments |
| A．To help trade expeditions. | B．To locate a precise place. |
| C．To cross the lines of the nearest point. | D．To identify how far a place is. |
| A．The map and the globe | B．Latitude and longitude |
| C．The equator and the prime meridian | D．Absolute coordinates |
【小題1】C
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
【小題4】B
解析試題分析：文章介紹什么是經度和緯度，通過經度和緯度可以準確的找到地球上的位置。
【小題1】細節題：從第一段的句子：Navigators (導航員) use lines of latitude and lines of longitude to locate places. Lines of latitude run east and west around Earth. 可知是導航員人們知道自己的位置。選C
【小題2】段落大意題：從第二段的句子：Lines of latitude tell us how far north or south of the Equator we are. 可知這段講的是緯度的功能。選A
【小題3】細節題：從最后一段的句子：When we use lines of latitude and longitude together, we can get a very precise location.可知使用經度和緯度可以準確的定位。選B
【小題4】主旨題：文章介紹什么是經度和緯度，它們的作用。是圍繞經度和緯度展開的。選B
考點：考查地理知識類短文
點評：本文考查細節題為主，細節題可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關的信息?或是其變體。搜查信息在閱讀中非常重要它包括理解作者在敘述某事時使用的具體事實、數據、圖表等細節信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開的細節。做這類題一般采用尋讀法?即先讀題，然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文，找出與問題有關的詞語或句子，再對相關部分進行分析對比，找出答案。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Jonathan James looks like just another kid about to graduate from high school. But this 19-year-old Swede is anything but ordinary, from the computer in his parents’ home he helps the US Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) find out the world’s most wanted cyber criminals(網絡犯罪分子).
Jonathan first made headlines when he and another Swede, Fredrik Bjoerck, found out the maker of the “Melissa” virus(病毒) in March 1999. He came to the aid of the FBI again on May 7, finding out the suspected(嫌疑的) sender of the dangerous “I LOVE YOU” virus. The suspect was caught in Manila on May 8.
Jonathan’s special skills are in hot demand as officials around the world express alarm at the “virtual” crimewave. In between studying for final exams, hanging out with friends and refereeing his younger brother’s football matches, the quiet, gentle teenager also gives lessons on e-security(電子安全) to large companies. He reads a lot and exchanges information with other computer experts to know much about the latest tricks of the hacker (黑客) trade.
Many companies have already tried to employ him, but he is not interested at the moment. Instead, he plans to begin law school in the autumn at Sweden’s Uppsala University and start up his own e-security company.
Although he works with the FBI now, his family insists he’s just “a regular kid”. “Jonathan is a great kid, he has his friends and he does a lot more than just play with the computer,” his little sister Tessa said, adding that he helps the FBI because “he likes to help”, not because he’s looking for fame and recognition.
When the world was hit by the “Love Bug” virus, Jonathan was too busy preparing a speech on e-security to look into the problem. “Finally on May 7, I had some free time, so I began looking.” Within a few hours, he had found the suspect and e-mailed his method and results to the FBI. He said his work on the “Melissa” virus, which took three weeks to solve, was a big help in finding the suspect so quickly.
“This time I knew exactly where to start, I knew what to disregard and what to look at.”
1. The passage mainly wants to tell us that______.
A. Swedish kid helps FBI find out the most wanted cyber criminals
B. Jonathan is really a quiet, gentle and ordinary boy
C. many companies want the young computer expert to join in
D. any cyber criminals will surely be found out wherever they are
2. The public started to know something about Jonathan just from____.
A. his helping the US FBI to find out the sender of the dangerous “I LOVE YOU” virus
B. his work together with Fredrik Bjoerck to find out the maker of the “Melissa” virus
C. his little sister’s talk about his good qualities as a regular kid and a good programmer
D. his speech on e-security to many computer companies after his fight against hackers
3. From Jonathan’s success in finding out the sender of the dangerous ‘Love Bug” virus we can infer that ___.
A. where there’s a will, there’s a way B. experience is knowledge
C. hard work leads to success D. failure is the mother of success
4. What do we know about Jonathan?
A. He is a good fame hunter with various abilities.
B. He is such a brave fighter that any criminal will feel afraid.
C. He is an expert on security, not interested in running a company.
D. He is a regular kid but does something unusual.
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Four Thoughts from a Man’s Heart
Thought 1
When we are born, our mothers get the compliments and the flowers.
When we are married, our brides get the presents and the publicity.
When we die, our widows get the life insurance.
1
Thought 2
The average man’s life consists of: Twenty years of having his mother and forty years of having his wife ask, “ 2 ”. Still the mourner is wondering too where he is going.
Thought 3
A man walking on the street heard a voice “If you take one more step, a brick will fall down on your head and kill you.”
The man stopped and a big brick fell right in front of him. The man was astonished. He went on, and after a while he was going to cross the road.
Once again the voice shouted, “ 3 One more step and a car will get run over you and kill you.”
The man stopped just as a car ran over, barely missing him. The man asked, “Who are you?”
“I am your guardian angel”, the voice answered.
“”Oh, yeah?” the man said. “ 4 ”
Thought 4
Everyone in the wedding ceremony was watching the beautiful bride as her father escorted her down the aisle to give away to the groom. They reached the altar and the waiting room; the bride kissed her father and placed something in his hand. Everyone was wondering what that was.
The father could feel the people’s curiosity, with all eyes on him. So he announced.
“Ladies and gentlemen. Today is the luckiest day of my life…” Then he raised his hands with what his daughter gave him and continued, “ 5 ”
The whole audience including the priest started laughing…But not the poor Groom!!!
A. My daughter finally returned my Credit Card to me!
B. Look where you are going!
C. Stop! Stand still！
D. What do women want to be liberated from?
E. Do you know what it is?
F. And where on earth were you when I got married?
G. Where are you going?
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科目：高中英語 來源：江蘇省洪澤中學09-10學年高二下學期期中考試（英語） 題型：閱讀理解
There is an old saying：No one thinks he’s a bad driver. Here’s an updated 21st century version: No one thinks he sends annoying (令人煩惱的) e-mails.
But, plenty of us do.
A Princeton University research found that 22 per cent of Americans say e-mail has added to their work pressures and caused misunderstandings. Here’s a guide on e-mail etiquette (禮節) to help you avoid being annoying.
Experts say there are three types of e-mails with different rules-close friends, office and public e-mails.
The close friends e-mail
You can send your lover, your closest friends and your siblings (brothers and sisters) anything, from jokes to “you got to see this!”. But bear in mind that not everyone shares your sense of humour and you may expose them to viruses.
The office e-mail
Don’t add to people’s workload. Keep e-mails short and to the point.
◆Make the subject line factual and brief.
◆Write in clear, concise (簡練的) sentences.
◆Provide your name and phone number at the end.
The public e-mail
Occasionally we have to send an e-mail to a group of people. If possible, write your public e-mails with a who, what, when, where structure. For example:
Who: All members of the soccer team
What: Team photo
When: Saturday, March 25, at noon
Where: Playing field 2.
Finally, before you hit “Send”, check the following:
◆Is the e-mail a “flame”? Never send an e-mail in anger, It could stay around forever and haunt (縈繞心頭) your professional and personal life.
◆Check the “To” field. Is this really who you want to send the message to?
◆Spell-check the message. Does it have an error that can affect you badly?
68. The writer may want to tell the reader that _____.
A. mails online are often sent to wrong places
B. different e-mails should be written in different ways
C. sending office e-mails is sure to add to people’s workload
D. the public e-mail is usually sent to a large number of people
69. According to the writer, _____.
A. e-mails with some misspellings may hurt the receiver
B. before sending an e-mail, the sender should ask someone to check it
C. jokes sent to a close friend online sometimes may be harmful
D. about 80％ of Americans like sending and receiving e-mails
70. If an e-mail is a “flame”, the sender of it must be very _____ at the moment.
A. angry B. excited C. worried D. disappointed
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科目：高中英語 來源：重慶市2010年高考仿真試卷一（英語 題型：閱讀理解
When the research on the effect of electric fields on E．coli was begun in 1962, it was essential that a biologist–specifically, a microbiologist–contributed to the project．She does not want her name used because she did not become a scientific researcher for fame, but rather for the challenge of putting pieces of a scientific puzzle together．
As a girl, she was inspired by the work of great scientists: she read the story of the cure of malaria in the Panama Canal; she also read a biography of Madame Curie．These accounts inspired her to pursue a career in scientific research．After high school, she worked for the Michigan Department of Health, where she did research in biology and microbiology．There, her colleagues saw her talent and encouraged her to pursue science as a career．She went on to earn a bachelor’s degree from Michigan State University in 1948 in medical technology．
When she began working at Michigan State in the early 1960s,
she was balancing the demands of scientific research with the needs
of her family．At that time both of her children were in school．She
would work in the lab in the morning while they were at school,
go home to see them at lunch, return to the lab for the afternoon, go
home for dinner, and return to the lab in the evening, if necessary．
At that time, there were fewer women scientists working than
there are today, but she encountered several in her career．At the
Michigan Department of Health, many of her colleagues were women and, consequently, she did not feel isolated because of her gender–nor did she feel that she was treated differently because she was a woman．
While working at Michigan State, she also felt that she was treated with respect by her peers．Her colleagues, among them doctors and Ph．D．chemists, all treated her as an equal．On the whole, she believes that there is not a great deal of difference between men and women in science．
56．Why does the woman scientist refuse to let out her name?
A．Because she is a shy lady．
B．Because she doesn’t mind her fame．
C．Because she never takes pride in her research．
D．Because she never works for her fame．
57．What is the noble lady scientist really interested in?
A．The life stories of other women scientists．
B．Biology and microbiology．
C．The secret of the success of the other scientists．
D．The difference between men and women scientists．
58．Who helped and encouraged her to carry on her scientific research?
A．Her family and friends． B．Madame Curie．
C．Her colleagues and other scientists． D．Some of the officials．
59．What is the whole passage mainly about?
A．The life story of a famous woman scientist with great success．
B．A brief introduction about an unknown great woman scientist．
C．The new development of a special woman scientist．
D．The secret of an infamous woman scientist．
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科目：高中英語 來源：浙江省09-10學年高二下學期期中考試英語 題型：其他題
任務型閱讀（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）
在第76至80題中，Celia, Enoch, Martina, Brian和Derek準備選擇一所大學就讀。閱讀下面六所大學的介紹（選項A、B、C、D、E和F），選出符合各人需求的最佳選項，選項中有一項是多余選項。
1 Celia’s mother is a nice kindergarten nurse and when she was very young she was in close touch with children. With time passing by, she has got interested in early children education and has made up her mind to follow her mother.
2 Enoch is from Texas of US whose grandparents were black slaves who worked on a south plantation(大種植園). He has learned some about his ancestors’ miserable past and wants to study the Black People in US. Also, he hopes the university will offer the dormitory equipped with the Internet so that he can have a good connection with his friends.
3 Martina’ mother, as well as many of her relatives, is an active member of the Women’s Right Movement. Influenced by them, Martina thinks highly of their work and takes part in their activities from time to time. She has decided to do more studies about the Women’s Right Movements after she graduates from school.
4 Brian expects to head for an exciting and challenging major which makes humans live better and longer when he enters university. What’s more, he is energetic and eager for an environment which is convenient for outdoor activities such as hiking , rafting so that he can enjoy a long life.
5 With the coming of IT age, Derek is determined to find a college or university where he can have cost-effective life-long learning with high quality so as so meet the needs of a changing and developing world. Then, can you guess what his head-for major may be?
A. Most exciting and full of opportunity, challenges and self-discovery, this university combines urban cultural lifestyle with small town safety. It has a mild climate and is ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking, rafting. Its main majors are Education, Engineering, Physical / Life Sciences and so on.
B. It is a community college located next to a famous resort town offering technical programs for students. Its task is to provide a comprehensive, student-centered college education and use a variety of teaching methods in the classroom. It owns the following majors: Music, Early Childhood Education, Economics and so on.
C. Our college is to achieve and maintain recognized excellence in education, service and leadership within a changing world. It is cost-effective life-long learning and prepares students for great careers. Its majors are Information Technology, Professional and Career Development Programs, Social Sciences and some others.
D. As a state-assisted private university, it was founded in 1929. The campus has grown significantly in size and scope. Residence halls are equipped with Internet access. The university offers 117 different majors including Art, Environmental Sciences, Black Affairs Studies Program, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering and so on.
E. This University has earned a reputation for providing quality education to meet the needs of students preparing for new careers of tomorrow. It is close to the city of Detroit , with a safe environment. The following majors are offered: Philosophy, Psychology, Women’s Studies Program, Social Work, etc.
F. In our university, students are treated as individuals, and are helped to be good at academics, art, music. Personalized instruction in a small classroom setting is possible. Students interact one-on-one with highly qualified professors. Our main majors are: Math / Computer Sciences, Social Sciences / Humanities and so on.
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