Question

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (學術界) outweigh any financial considerations.
　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects(前景) of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
　　The impact of a salary cut is probably less serious for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制藥的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual(智力的) opportunities.
　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (轉換) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary(包括各種學科的) team, manage budgets and negotiate(談判) contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
【小題1】By “a one-way street” in the first paragraph, the author means ________.

A．university researchers know little about the commercial world

B．there is little exchange between industry and academia

C．few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

D．few university professors are willing to do industrial research

【小題2】The word “deterrent” most probably refers to something that _____.

A．keeps someone from taking action

B．helps to move the traffic

C．attracts people’s attention

D．brings someone a financial burden

【小題3】What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

A．Flexible work hours.

B．Her research interests.

C．Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.

D．Prospects of academic accomplishments.

【小題4】Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.

A．do financially more rewarding work

B．raise his status in the academic world

C．enrich his experience in medical research

D．have better intellectual opportunities

【小題5】What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

A．Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market

B．Develop its students’ potential in research.

C．Help it to obtain financial support from industry.

D．Adapt its research to practical applications.

Answer 1

【小題1】C
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
【小題4】D
【小題5】A

解析試題分析：本文敘述了對很多研究人員來說，雖然放棄大學的工作到商界很有吸引力，但是很少有人這樣做。說明很多人不愿意放棄大學里的研究。
【小題1】C 推理題。根據While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction.說明雖然放棄大學的工作到商界很有吸引力，但是很少有人這樣做。說明很多人不愿意放棄大學里的研究。故C正確。
【小題2】A 推理題。根據Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job.說明錢的阻止人們這樣做的主要原因，故A項正確。
【小題3】B 推理題。根據第二段2,3,4行Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions.說明Helen Lee主要考慮的是研究興趣的話題。故B正確。
【小題4】D 細節題。根據第三段最后2行He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual(智力的) opportunities.說明他是為了得到更多的智力機會才這樣做的。故D正確。
【小題5】A 推理題。根據文章最后一段Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (轉換) to academia more attractive, according to Lee.They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate說明他們回大學教書可以讓學生學到很多實際的經驗，在求職的路上有更多的優勢，故A正確。
考點：考查社會知識類短文
點評：本文較難，以推理題的考查為主，要求考生讀懂文章中的每個句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關系，結合自己的生活常識和經驗，再通過邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。任何一篇文章都有其特定的寫作目的，讀者應當知道如何去做或按照某種方式傳遞思考問題。推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時我們務必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據，即：已知部分－推論的前提，從中推測出未知部分－推理的結論，切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點。