Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both questions is yes.To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random (隨意地) from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that integigence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates (表明) that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who lives in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.
1. Which of the following best describes the writer’s point in Paragraph One?
A. To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.
B. Intelligence is developed by the environment.
C. Some people are born clever and others born stupid.
D. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.
2.In the first paragraph,“no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence” suggests that .
A. no environment can change the least able into the most able
B. the difference in men’s intelligence depends on the amount of their education
C. if a person is born clever, he is certain to be a genius
D. if a person is born stupid, nothing can change him into an educated person
3.The last paragraph mainly shows .
A. the importance of education
B. the relationship between environment and birth
C. the writer’s final conclusion
D. the relationship between intelligence and environment
4. The best title for this passage would be .
A. Dependence on Education B. Intelligence
C. Surroundings D. Effect of Education
5. Which statement about the passage is true?
A. All twins have similar degrees of intelligence.
B. A man who is educated in university must make greater achievements than a man who works in a boring factory.
C. Proper education can change one’s intelligence at some degree.
D. Education can’t make a child born with low intelligence cleverer.
科目：高中英語 來源：北京市朝陽區2009—2010學年度高三年級第二學期統一考試 題型：閱讀理解
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆重慶市三峽聯盟高三3月聯考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Earlier this year, the Environmental Protection Agency proposed a stricter nationwide health standard for smog-causing pollutants that would bring substantial benefits to millions of Americans. With a final rule expected by the end of this month, some opponents, mainly from industrial and oil-producing states, are pushing back. They say investments required to produce cleaner air are too expensive and not scientifically justified.
Lisa Jackson, the E.P.A. administrator, needs to stick to her guns. This is only the first of several political tests to come this fall, as she also seeks to tighten rules governing individual pollutants like mercury and global warming gases like carbon dioxide.
The health standard she is proposing covers ground-level ozone, commonly known as smog, which is formed when sunlight mixes with pollutants from factories, refineries, power plants and automobiles. Ozone is a major health threat, contributing to heart disease and various respiratory (呼吸道的) problems.
Ms. Jackson’s proposal—to reduce the permitted level of smog in the air from the current 75 parts per billion to between 60 parts per billion and 70 parts per billion—is sensible, no matter what industry’s defenders may claim. It had been recommended by the agency’s independent scientific panel but rejected by the Bush administration, which proposed a weaker standard.
Industry will have to make investments in cleaner power plants, and new technologies may be required. As it is, about half the counties that monitor ozone levels are not yet in compliance with current standards, let alone the proposed standard.
Fears about burdening industry raised by critics like George Voinovich, a Republican of Ohio, and Mary Landrieu, a Democrat of Louisiana, cannot be dismissed out of hand, especially in the middle of a recession (蕭條). But the health benefits, E.P.A. says, far outweigh the costs, and the time frame for compliance (服從) is generous.
【小題1】Why are some people strongly against a stricter limitation of smog-caused pollutants?
| A．Because they have to live a poorer life. |
| B．Because they think they have to spend more money. |
| C．Because they hold different political view. |
| D．Because they want to make more money. |
| A．To reduce the permitted smog level as much as possible. |
| B．To raise the permitted smog level as much as possible. |
| C．To keep the permitted smog level from 60 to 70 to 75 parts per billion. |
| D．To lower the permitted smog level from 75 to 60 to 70 parts per billion. |
| A．Objective. | B．Subjective. | C．Critical. | D．Unknown. |
| A．Cleaner power plant on the way. |
| B．Say no to smog pollutants. |
| C．Lower smog pollutant, better our life. |
| D．Debate on smog pollutants. |
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單詞拼寫（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
1. Every woman wants a slim_________（體形，身材）.
2. Nowadays, young people like doing something _____________（具有挑戰性）, like mountain climbing, rock climbing, cycling and so on.
3. Some weight-loss pills can even ________ (影響) your health.
4. Children are _________ (禁止) to smoke.
5. The famous professor gave us an _________ (解釋) of how sound travels in water.
6. She was really u_____ about the way her father treated her.
7. In the second e-mail, Amy told his friend Zhou Ling that she was in hospital recovering from liver f_________.
8. The mid-term exam is coming soon. The students are busy p_________for it.
9. You can’t ask a lady about her age in public because it will make her e_________.
10. The a________ age of the students in our class is seventeen.
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根據句意和首字母提示完成句子，使句子通順合理（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
1.We must take a correct a_________________ towards criticism from the masses.
2.The modern are museum l_____in the street attracts a lot of visitors every day.
3.This shop sells all kinds of f___________, such as beds, chairs, tables, and so on
4.He was deeply i____________ by the beautiful sights of the West Lake.
5.These experiments began a few months ago, and some p_____ has already been made.
6.They had to stand for hours without changing p______.
7.He had an unusual e_________yesterday.
8.what p________you from joining us last night?
9.After the d_______there were many people who wanted food and shelter.
10.Never waste food! You know ,children in some African countries die of h______every day.
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Playing on the football pitch ____________________.
A．some students are with their P.E. teacher
B．their P. E. teacher is with some students
C．some students with their P. E. teacher are
D．are some students with their P. E. teacher
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