Question

I once had a house guest from Cuba. During his visit, I happened to throw an old broken blender (攪拌機) in the trash. The next day it was sitting on my counter – in working order. In his world, people simply cannot afford to replace an item which doesn't work properly. They take the time and figure out how to fix it. In Cuba, they are still driving cars from the 1960’s, mainly because they do not have a choice. 

In contrast, the U.S. is a “throw-away society.” Statistics show that each American produces six pounds of trash per day. I believe a combination of factors has contributed to this phenomenon.

“Planned obsolescence(廢棄)” is not a secret. It is a manufacturing (制造業(yè)) philosophy developed in the 1920’s and 1930’s, when mass production became popular. The goal is to make a product or part that will fail, or become less desirable over time or after a certain amount of use. This pressures the consumer to buy again. 

Planned obsolescence does keep costs down. Instead of making an expensive product that will last a long time, businesses produce more affordable, disposable(一次性的) items. Some electronic items have become so inexpensive that it is cheaper to replace them than to repair them.

Busy people often value their time and convenience more than money. If a car starts to have mechanical problems, replacing it with a newer, more reliable model may be more appealing than tolerating it being in the garage for a week.

In addition, advertising trains consumers to want what is new and improved. It convinces them that the more they have, the happier they will be. 

Unlike people in many developing countries, we live in a world of abundance. A study by Dr. Timothy Jones of the University of Arizona also found that in the U.S., 40-50 percent of all food ready for harvest is wasted. Abundance and waste soon became closely associated in the American way of life.

1.In Cuba, people usually fix a broken item instead of buying a new one because __________.

A. wasting is prohibited there                                         B. they are poor

C. they are interested in fixing things                            D. they live a low-carbon life

2.According to the article, planned obsolescence ___________.

A. began before mass production became popular

B. is intended to encourage consumers to buy more things

C. results in higher prices of items

D. requires factories to produce high-quality products

3.Which of the following is NOT true about the “throw-away society” in the U.S.?

A. People prefer to buy a new blender rather than repair the broken one.

B. A large quantity of food has been wasted.

C. People believe that the more they have, the happier they will be.

D. People all hold the belief that money comes first.

4.What may be the writer’s attitude towards a throw-away society?

A. Supportive.                     B. Critical.                    C. Tolerant.                           D. Optimistic.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.B

2.B

3.D

4.B

【解析】

試題分析:一次作者在扔掉用壞的攪拌機時，碰巧家里有一位來自古巴的房客，房客第二天把作者扔掉的攪拌機給修理好，拿了回來。由此作者比較古巴和美國兩個社會的異同，認(rèn)識到了在貧窮的國家，人們過的非常節(jié)儉，而在美國這個物質(zhì)極大充足的社會，浪費現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重。

1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段 In his world, people simply cannot afford to replace an item which doesn't work properly.可知在古巴人們買不起東西，才會對用壞的東西進行修理，所以選B。

2.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段The goal is to make a product or part that will fail, or become less desirable over time or after a certain amount of use. This pressures the consumer to buy again.可以判斷選B。

3.D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段Busy people often value their time and convenience more than money.可知忙碌的人們把時間和便捷看的比金錢更重要，所以D選項內(nèi)容錯誤。

4.B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末段40-50 percent of all food ready for harvest is wasted. Abundance and waste soon became closely associated in the American way of life.可知作者認(rèn)為物質(zhì)的充足造成了浪費現(xiàn)象，所以對于美國這個“a throw-away society”是持批判態(tài)度的。

考點：考查社會生活類短文閱讀。