Scientists have uncovered the exact difference between man and mouse. Teams of scientists from around the world will publish today the draft(草圖) genome(基因組) of the mouse, which enables them for the first time to compare another mammal’s entire DNA directly with that of a human.
The similarities are far greater than the difference－man and mouse share a comman ancestor that lived more than 70 million years ago－which has allowed scientists to find treatments for a good many human diseases.
British members of the project say the draft mouse genome, published in the journal Nature, has provided the “phrasebook” for scientists to translate the language of the human genome.
“The entire biomedical research community said for the first time fully using this resource to deal with human diseases. They will now have powerful tools that will serve them for many years to come,” said Dr. Jane Rogers, head of sequencing at the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, which did 20 percent of the work.
Comparisons show almost every gene in the mouse has a corresponding(對應(yīng)的) gene in humans－a 99 percent similarity that should help to find how each human gene works. Already the work has been able to show that man and mouse each have about 30,000 genes yet only 300 or so are unique to either species, increasing the value of the lab mouse as a “model” for human genetics.
This is an extraordinary milestone. For the first time we have an opportunity to see ourselves in an evolutionary(進(jìn)化的) mirror. The mouse genome stands for a very important chapter in the lab notebook of evolution. By taking away genes to create sick mice, scientists have been able to reproduce a number disorders. Knowing the entire genomes of humans and mice will enable them to employ the technique more widely leading to a rapid development in the understanding of illnesses.
1．The importance of the discovery lies in the fact that __________.
A．man has finally found his true ancestor
B．it will be easier for people to find the causes of human diseases and cure them
C．it has enabled the scientists to compare human DNA with that of another mammal
D．it makes it possible for man to understand the complicated language of his genome
2．The word “unique” in the fifth paragraph probably means ___________.
A．having no like or equal B．the same
C．corresponding D．excellent
3．It can be inferred that _____________.
A．a(chǎn)lmost every gene of a mouse works in the same way as that of a human being
B．it has become easier for humans to find their real ancestor
C．more mice will be used in scientific experiments
D．scientists will use fewer mice in their experiments to protect them
4．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Mouse “Book of Life” May Provide Cures for Human Diseases
B．Mice and Men Are the Same
C．Man and Mouse Share a Common Ancestor
D．The Difference Between Man and Mouse
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.
“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”
Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.
“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”
His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半導(dǎo)體). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.
“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶體結(jié)構(gòu)) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”
Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.
Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?
A. He teaches chemistry at MU.
B. He developed a chemical battery.
C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.
D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.
Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.
A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied.
B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.
C. to describe a nuclear-powered system.
D. to introduce various energy sources.
Liquid semiconductor is used to _________.
A. get rid of the radioactive waste
B. test the power of nuclear batteries.
C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries
D. reduce the damage to lattice structure.
According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _______.
A. uses a solid semiconductor
B. will soon replace the present ones.
C. could be extremely thin
D. has passed the final test.
The text is most probably a ________.
A. science news report B. book review
C. newspaper ad D. science fiction story
PART FOUR WRITING (45%)
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：
The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A. what B. which C. that D. though
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.
The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group," explains Marian Wrong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation."
The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.
It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.
The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.
While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious. Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical(等級的) societies remain stable.
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to human.”As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature," the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females' own ideal."
65 When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it ______.
A. faces danger B. has breeding rights
C. eats its competitor D. leaves the group itself
66. The underlined words “the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to _____.
A. the fish beaten up B. the fish found out
C. the fish fattened up D. the fish driven away
67 The experiment showed that smaller fish ____.
A. fought over a feast B. went on diet willingly
C. preferred some extra food D. challenged the boss fish
68. What is the text mainly about?
A. Fish dieting and human dieting.
B. Dieting and health.
C. Human dieting.
D. Fish dieting.
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others??The answer is“no”.It isn't the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which makes him a scientist .You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter（木匠）.You will probably agree,too, that knowing how to investigate（調(diào)查）,how to discover information ,is important to everyone. The scientist ,however ,goes one step further ;he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.?
The scientist's knowledge must be exact .There's no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit .What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different ,any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration（實(shí)證）must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason why investigations are important in science .Albert Einstein ,who developed the Theory of Relativity ,arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy（正確性）of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einstein's ideas were proved to be correct .A scientist uses many tools for measurements .Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations（計(jì)算）that may test his investigations.
1.What makes a scientist according to the passage??
A.The tools he uses.
B.His ways of learning.?
C.The way he uses his tools.
D.The various tools he uses.?
2.“...knowing how to investigate ,how to discover information ,is important to everyone.”The writer says this to show_______.?
A.the importance of information
B.the difference between scientists and ordinary people?
C.the importance of thinking
D.the difference between carpenters and ordinary people?
3.A sound scientific theory should be one that_______.?
A.works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times?
B.leaves no room for improvement?
C.doesn't allow any change even under different conditions?
D.can be used for many purposes?
4.What is the main idea of the passage??
A.Scientists are different from ordinary people.?
B.The Theory of Relativity.?
C.Exactness is the core（核心）of science.?
D.Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to making of a scientist.?
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年河北省邢臺一中高二第三次月考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：單選題
Nowadays，scientists are working hard to find a best way of treating addictions ________ drugs.
| A．of | B．in | C．on | D．to |
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