Many women write to me perplexed(困惑的)about why they can’t form close friendships. They try new approaches, put themselves in all the right places, see therapists, and read relevant self-help books. They consider themselves interesting, loyal, kind and friend-worthy people. But for reasons unknown to them, they have a tough time forming intimate relationships. Many admit to not having even one close friend.
A recent study published in the Journal of personality and Social Psychology offers some clues as to how both nature (personality) and nurture (experience) impact our friendships. Researchers at the University of Virginia and University of Toronto, Mississauga studied more than 7,000 American adults between the ages of 20 and 75 over a period of ten years, looking at the number of times these adults moved during childhood. Their study, like prior ones, showed a link between residential mobility and adult well-being: The more times participants moved as children , the poorer the quality of their adult social relationships.
But digging deeper, the researchers found that personality—specifically being introverted (內向的) or extroverted (外向的) — could either intensify of buffer (緩沖) the effect of moving to a new town or neighborhood during childhood. The negative impact of more moves during childhood was far greater for introverts compared to extroverts.
“Moving a lot makes it difficult for people to maintain long-term close relationships,” stated Dr. Shigehiro Oishi, the first author of the study, in a press release from the American Psychological Association, “This might not be a serious problem for outgoing people who can make friends quickly and easily. Less outgoing people have a harder time making new friends.”
Families often have to relocate — across town, across the country, or across the globe. Yet, in many cases, their kids and young adolescents haven’t yet built up a bank of friendships. So the conventional wisdom is to try to minimize moves for the sake of your child, whenever possible , and to move at the end of the academic year.
1.The passage is written mainly to .
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A．offer advice to women on how to form intimate relationships . |
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B．explain how nature and nurture impact our friendships. |
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C．explain how moves during childhood affect children. |
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D．tell us how to help children make friends. |
2.Which of the following is true according to the second paragraph?
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A．People who moved less during childhood have better social relationships. |
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B．The more people moved during childhood, the more friends they have. |
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C．The more people moved during childhood, the better they adjust to society. |
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D．There is no link between residential mobility and adult well-being. |
3.In order for children to maintain long-term close relationships , parents .
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A．should not relocate their homes |
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B．should relocate their homes within the town |
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C．had better move at the end of school year |
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D．had better move when their children couldn’t build up a bank of friendships |
4.We learn from the fourth paragraph that moves during childhood .
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A．have a bigger impact on an introverted person compared to extroverts. |
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B．have no impact on an outgoing person |
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C．are a big problem for both introverts and extroverts |
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D．help children better adapt to new environment |
5.We can infer from the passage that .
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A．our friendships are mainly affected by our nurture |
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B．we can move when children have made a lot of friends |
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C．the impact of moves will disappear when one reaches adulthood |
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D．there is some way to minimize the impact of moves during childhood on children |
1.B
2.A
3.C
4.A
5.D
【解析】文章主要介紹了一項研究解釋了性格是如何影響人們之間的交流與友誼。
1.B 文章主要介紹了一項研究解釋了性格是如何影響人們之間的交流與友誼。故B正確。
2.A 推理題。根據第2段最后兩行The more times participants moved as children , the poorer the quality of their adult social relationships.可推理出搬家次數少的人更容易獲得友誼。
3.C 細節題。根據文章最后一行and to move at the end of the academic year.可知C正確。
4.A 段落大意題。文章第四段內容可知講述的是在童年時期搬家對孩子友誼的影響。故A正確。
5.D 推理題。根據文章最后一段可知存在著幾種方法來減少搬家對孩子的友誼形成的影響。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Dieters are often advised to stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories lurking in a glass of wine or a favorite cocktail．But new research suggests that women who regularly consume moderate（適度的） amounts of alcohol are less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers and are at lower risk for obesity （fatness）．
The findings, reported this week in the Archives of Internal Medicine, are based on a study of 19,220 United States women aged 30 to 40 who fall into the “normal weight” based on their body mass index．Researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston tracked the women’s drinking habits over 13 years．About 60 percent of the women were light or regular drinkers, while about 40 percent reported drinking no alcohol．
Over the course of the study, 41 percent of the women became overweight．Although alcohol is packed with calories, the nondrinkers in the study actually gained more weight over time: nine pounds, on average, compared with an average gain of about three pounds among regular moderate drinkers．The risk of becoming overweight was almost 30 percent lower for women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day, compared with nondrinkers．
The findings are certain to be confusing for women who continue to receive conflicting messages about the health benefits and risks of alcohol．Although moderate drinking is associated with better heart health, regular drinking also increases breast cancer risk．
The trend toward less weight gain among drinkers doesn’t appear to hold true for men．A 2003 study of British men showed that regular drinkers gained more weight than nondrinkers．Studies suggest that drinking alcohol has different effects on eating habits among men and women．Men typically add alcohol to their daily caloric intake, whereas women are more likely to substitute（替代）alcohol for food．In addition, there may be differences in how men and women metabolize（代謝）alcohol．Metabolic studies show that after men drink alcohol, they experience little if any metabolic change．But alcohol appears to slightly speed up a woman’s metabolism．
The findings don’t mean women should rush to drink alcohol to lose weight．Other research shows that once a person is already overweight, her alcohol metabolism is more efficient, and so an overweight woman may gain more weight from alcohol than a lean（瘦的） woman．The data do, however, suggest that for many women facing weight problems, the extra calories are probably not coming from alcoholic drinks．
According to the study, which of the following regular drinker is less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers?
A B C D
That men regular drinkers gained more weight than women regular drinkers is due to the following except ______．
A．women are more likely to substitute alcohol for food．
B．men drink alcohol much faster than women．
C．men and women metabolize alcohol differently．
D．men have different effects on eating habits with women．
The underlined word “whereas” may probably mean _______．
A．so B．in order that C．but D．and then
What can a dieter probably do before reading this passage?
A．Rush to drink alcohol to lose weight
B．Add alcohol to his or her daily caloric intake．
C．Face the weight problems alone．
D．Try to stop drinking any alcohol or wine．
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012屆安徽省阜陽一中高三最后一卷英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Several years ago, I had a huge falling out with one of my best friends. So huge, in fact, that now I can’t even remember what happened.
In the past nine years, I’ve seen her twice, and each time we’ve been polite but distant. And that troubles me because we were once inseparable. I’d like nothing more than to go back nine years, and continue our friendship. But how? How do you reconnect with friends you’ve lost throughout the years?
Linking to your past
The desire to reconnect with lost friends isn’t unusual. Why? Because friends link us to the past. “Friends from years ago are custodians (監護人) of our past,” says Sandy Sheehy.
Although you can share information about your past with friends you’ve met recently, you don’t have a shared history with them. So you wind up only telling them about your past, rather than sharing it with them.
But many people never try to reconnect. Women especially have trouble taking the first step. Shyness or fear that the other person doesn’t want to reconnect often stops many women. And that shouldn’t be. Your friends probably want to be in touch with you as much as you want to be in touch with them.
Searching for friends
Fortunately, finding lost friends isn’t as difficult as it once was, thanks to tools like the Internet. Our experts offer these suggestions for locating contact information:
Search Internet sites designed to locate people like classmates.com and switchboard.com.
Contact your high school or college alumni (校友) office to request current address information.
Surf online yellow pages. Check current phone records from your friend’s hometown.
Network with other friends who might have known your friend.
Get in touch with any of her relatives, if you know where they live. If you know where she works, find the company’s website and search the directory of personnel.
【小題1】What is the subject discussed in the passage?
| A．How to make new friends. |
| B．How to rebuild friendship. |
| C．How to develop healthy friendship. |
| D．How to keep in touch with friends. |
| A．years ago old friends kept something for us |
| B．in the past old friends took care of us |
| C．old friends are part of our life history |
| D．old friends know what wrongs we did |
| A．Lack of money. | B．Busy time. | C．Regret and shame. | D．Fear and shyness. |
| A．By asking other friends of the information on your lost friends. |
| B．By searching your friends’ telephone number on the Net. |
| C．By asking the local post office about your friends’ new address. |
| D．By putting an advertisement in your friends’ local town. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆福建省高二第四學段（期末）考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
If women are mercilessly exploited(剝削) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend large sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time changing their old-fashioned dresses. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.
No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with necessary things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or picking her way through deep snow in high heeled shoes.
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability(穩定耐用)? That is for you to decide.
1.Designers and big stores always make money _______.
A. by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry
B. because they are capable of predicting new fashions
C. by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing
D. because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing
2.To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as _______.
A. a waste of money B. a waste of time
C. an expression of taste D. an expression of creativity
3.New fashions in clothing are created for _______.
A. the commercial exploitation of women
B. the women's strength of character
C. basic qualities of inconstancy and instability
D. an important contribution to society
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學年湖北省孝感市高三第一次統考英語題 題型：閱讀理解
If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame．Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores．Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion．When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that the has nothing to wear．
Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste．Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn．Women who can not afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering（改變） the dresses they have．Skirls are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on．
No one can claim that the fashion industry contribulea anything really important to society．
Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability．They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right．There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high —heeled shoes．
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious．Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonder, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers．Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide．
1.Designers and big stores always make money _____．
A．by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing
B．by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry
C．because they are able to predict new fashions for the coming season
D．because they attach great importance to quality of women’s clothing
2.To the writer, the fact that woman alter their old fashioned dresses is seen as .
A．a waste of money B．an expression of taste
C．a waste of time D．an expression of creativity
3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A．The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society
B．The constant changes in women’s clothing reflect their strength of characters
C．Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women
D．New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women
4.By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious”, the writer means that .
A．women are better able to put up with discomfort
B．men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion
C．men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers
D．women’s inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年成都七中高一下學期期末考試英語 題型：閱讀理解
In 1955, a man named Raymond Kroc entered a partnership with two brothers named McDonald. They opened a popular restaurant in California which sold food that was easy to prepare and serve quickly. Hamburgers, French fries, and cold drinks were the main food there. Kroc opened similar eating places under the same name, “McDonald’s”, and they were an instant success. He later took over the company, and today it is one of the most famous and successful “fast-food” in America and round the world.
Why was his idea successful? Probably the most important reason was that his timing was right. In the 1950s, most married women stayed home to keep house and take care of their children. In the 1960s, many women returned to the workplace. This meant that they had less time or energy to prepare meals, so they spent more on “ TV dinners ” and fast-food restaurants. Single parents also have little time to spend in the kitchen. People living alone also depend on this type of food, since cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth.
Fast-food is not part of the diet of all Americans. Another trend of the 1960s, sometimes called the back-to-nature movement influenced many people to avoid food that was packaged or processed(處理). This preference for natural food continued to this day.
From the success of Raymond Kroc’s fast-food business, we can say that social economic trends influence where and what we eat.
1.The underlined sentence “Cooking for one is often more trouble than it is worth” means that ______.
A. cooking for some people is worth more money
B. it is not worthwhile to take too much time to cook for one person
C. there are more problems when one person cooks
D. divorce (離婚) causes people to change their eating habits
2.An idea implied but not directly stated in the reading is that ________.
A. many married women began to work in the 1960s
B. natural foods are still popular today
C. fast food is not part of the diet of all Americans
D. divorce causes people to change their eating habits
3.McDonald’s success lies in the following causes BUT_________.
A. people living alone tend to depend on fast food
B. single parents have little time to spend in the kitchen
C. many women returned to the workplace in the 1960s
D. Kroc chose the “Mc Donald” brothers as his partners
4.The main idea of the reading is that ________.
A. Raymond Kroc is the most successful fast-food business owner in the world
B. social and economic changes affect eating habits
C. fast-food is easy to prepare and serve quickly
D. Americans eat either fast food or natural food
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