Question

 

Kong Zi , also called Confucius (551-479 B.C) , and Socrates (469-399 B. C) lived only a hundred years apart , and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas , and how these ideas in turn ,shaped their societies.

Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars un Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rules how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went out to government service.

Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:” Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some bad more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下層的)classes.

For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.

Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.

1.Which of the following is TURE according to the first paragraph?

A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common,

B. Confucius had much influence on Socrates’ ideas.

C. The societies ware influenced by the philosophers’ ideas.

D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.

2.Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that           .

A. all men were equal when they were born

B. the lower classed should be ruled by the upper class

C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom

 D. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to

3.What made some people different from others according to Confucius?

A. Family.           B. Potential.        C. Knowledge.            D. Community.

4.This passage is organized in the pattern of          ,

A. time and events

B. comparison and contrast

C. cause and effect

D. definition and classification

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.C

考點：細節理解。

題目: 從第一段中得出以下哪一個是正確的？

A: 孔子和蘇格拉底有很多共同之處

B: 孔子對于蘇格拉底的觀念起了很大影響

C: 社會被哲學家的觀念所影響

D:在中國和希臘之間有文化交流

解析： 從文中第一段最后一句的后半句得出答案。文中說到兩位哲學家孔子和蘇格拉底，世界影響了他們哲學觀念的塑造，同樣他們的觀念也影響了他們的社會。C選項最符合文意，ABC選項原文均未提及。

2.B

考點：細節理解

題目: 蘇格拉斯與孔子一致的觀念是？

A: 眾生平等

B:下層階級應該被上層階級管理

C: 人的目標就是追求自由和智慧

D: 己所不欲，勿施于人

解析： 第三段最后一句得出答案。ABC選項均是在陳述孔子的觀點，只有B選項是在說蘇格拉底的哲學理念。像孔夫子一樣，蘇格拉底相信上層階級應該統治下層階級。

3.C

考點：細節理解

題目: 根據孔子所述，什么使眾生彼此不相同？

A:家庭             B: 潛能             C: 知識              D: 社團

解析：從文中第三段第二句得出答案。孔子認為人出生時都是平等的，雖然有些人有過人的潛能，是知識使人與人之間不相同。

4.B

考點：篇章結構理解題

題目: 文章是以什么結構組織展開？

A: 時間和事件

B: 比較和對照

C: 起因和結果

D: 定義和分類

解析：本篇文章通篇采用對比的手法，將孔子和蘇格拉底在哲學觀念上的相同以及不同之處進行比較論述。故選擇B選項。