2009年高考閱讀理解分析指導（六）
考點六 推理判斷題
推理判斷題主要考查考生根據(jù)已知信息作出合理推斷或判斷的邏輯思維能力。常見的推理判斷題的提問方式有：
1. It can be inferred / concluded from the text that _____.
2. The writer suggests that _____.
3. Form the passage we can infer / conclude that _____.
4. We may infer from the text that _____.
5. It is implied in the passage that _____.
6. This text is most probably taken from _____.
現(xiàn)以2008年全國卷II B篇分析如下：
The Queen’s English is now sounding less upperclass, a scientific study of the Queen’s Christmas broadcasts has found. Researchers have studied each of her messages to the Commonwealth countries since 1952 to find out the change in her pronunciation from the noble Upper Received to the Standard Received.
Jonathan Harrington, a professor at Germany’s University of Munich, wanted to discover whether accent (口音) changes recorded over the past half century would take place within one person. “As far as I know, there just is nobody else for whom there is this sort of broadcast records,” he said.
He said the noble way of pronouncing vowels (元音) had gradually lost ground as the noble upperclass accent over the past years. “Her accent sounds slightly less noble than it did 50 years ago. But these are very, very small and slow changes that we don’t notice from year to year.”
“We may be able to relate it to changes in the social classes,” he told The Daily Telegraph, a British newspaper. “In 1952 she would have been heard saying ‘thet men in the bleck het’. Now it would be ‘that man in the black hat’. Similarly, she would have spoken of ‘the citay’and ‘dutay’, rather than‘cite’and‘dutee’, and ‘hame’ rather than ‘home’. In the 1950s she would have been ‘lorst’, but by the 1970s ‘lost’.”
The Queen’s broadcast is a
personal message to the Commonwealth countries. Each Christmas, the 10-minute
broadcast is put on TV at 3 pm in
The results were published (發(fā)表) in the Journal of Phonetics.
47. We may infer from the text that the Journal of Phonetics is a magazine on _____.
A. speech sounds B. Christmas customs C. TV broadcasting D. personal messages
【解析】
A。此題屬推理判斷題。文中提到“thet men in the bleck het”實則為“that man in the black hat”；將“home”說成“hame”；將“l(fā)ost”說成“l(fā)orst”， 這些研究成果發(fā)表在the Journal of Phonetics。由 此推斷該雜志為語音學研究雜志。 解答此類題切忌妄自猜測，要善于剖析文中 事件間的因果、時間先后等邏輯關(guān)系，并依此作出合理的推理判斷。
考點八 邏輯排序題
邏輯排序題是指要求考生根據(jù)所讀材料對若干個事實按一定邏輯順序進行排列組合的試題。此類試題可歸屬于細節(jié)理解和邏輯推理題, 多出現(xiàn)在記敘文材料的閱讀理解中。現(xiàn)以2006年浙江卷A篇為例說明如下：
Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the
last kid in his class picked for any sports team. “Football, tennis, cricket―anything
with a round ball, I was useless,” he says now with a laugh. But back then he
was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in
It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set up his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18, he ran his first marathon.
The following year he met John
Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s school of adventure in
In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit, pulling his supply-loaded sled up and over rocky ice.
Saunders has since become the
youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and he’s skied more of the
North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not
believe the change. Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of
43. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders?
a. He ran his first marathon.
b. He skied alone in the North Pole.
c. He rode his bike in a forest.
d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.
A. a-c-d-b B. c-d-a-b C. a-c-b-d D. c-a-b-d
解答此類試題可使用“ 比較法” , 即：先比較四個答案的異同，從而找到突破口。通過比較可知，上題只需分辨出a和c的先后順序即能縮小答案范圍。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，Saunders到森林中騎車是15歲時，而首次跑馬拉松是18歲時，故可排除A和C。接下來只需比較d和a的先后順序即可得出答案D。
解答此類試題，也可使用“排除法”，即：先找兩頭―最先發(fā)生和最后發(fā)生的事情，將不符合要求的選項排除，從而逐步縮小范圍，直至得出答案，這樣可以大大提高速度。
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