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Choose the yum(美味的東西) and risk the yuk（討厭的東西）?

Scientists have given us a lot of health warnings. The advice from cancer experts for avoiding bowel(腸) cancer is "try to avoid processed(加工過的) meats such as bacon, ham, corned beef and some sausages", and women fearing breast cancer are told "there doesn't seem to be a starting point at which alcohol consumption is safe",

But all these health warnings tend to have little influence on behavior, So who is being unreasonable —the scientists who give us health advice, or the public that just ignores it?

The curious fact is that both might be right. The reasoning behind these health warnings seems to be this: if you do more of something pleasurable (which we shall give the name “yum”) there is a higher risk of something bad (which we shall give the name “yuk”)occurring, so you should avoid yum.

But when presented with this argument you might ask two questions.

First, maybe the pleasure of yum makes the risk worth taking, especially if yuk might occur a long time in the future? Second, maybe there are other benefits of yum that could cancel out the risks of the particular yuk that has been identified (確認(rèn)) ?

So suppose bacon sandwiches are your particular yum: research shows that 50g per day — that is a great greasy sandwich — increases your risk of bowel cancer by 20%.

But this means that out of every 100 people who stuffed down that big bacon sandwich every day of their lives, the number of bowel cancers would rise from five to six.

In addition, if a middle-aged woman gave up alcohol, it might reduce her risk of breast cancer, but could increase risk of some other cancers as well as heart disease.

So we need to look at the whole picture before trying to get people to change what they do, since everything has benefit and harms — just think of the joggers(慢跑者) who get knocked down by cars — and people need to be able to find their own balance.

Therefore, as you reach for your yum, perhaps sometimes pause a moment and realize that you are taking a gamble(賭博) on the yuk occurring, but that it may be a risk worth taking.

1.What is the advice given by scientists for avoiding breast cancer?

    A. Try to avoid processed meat. B. Try to avoid alcohol.

    C. Try to choose the yum.           D. Try to risk the yuk.

2. What does “this argument” in Paragraph 4 mean?

    A. If you choose the yum, you will risk the yuk.

    B. If you risk the yuk, you’ll choose the yum.

    C. The yum is worth taking, especially if yuk might occur in the future.

    D. Other benefits of yum could cancel out the risks of the yuk.

3.Why do we need to look at the whole picture before trying to get people to change what they do?

    A. Because giving up alcohol might reduce breast cancer.

    B. Because people are not able to find their own balance.

    C. Because all the things have both sides.

    D. Because the advice given by scientists is not true.

4.According to the passage, which of the following is correct?

    A. People are often influenced by the health warnings.

    B. Both the scientists and the public are not reasonable.

    C. Alcohol consumption has both benefit and harms.

D. People should avoid yum to reduce the risk of yuk.

 

On April 20,2013, a big and powerful earthquake attacked Ya’an, Sichuan Province. A great many buildings and houses collapsed, a lot of people were killed and even more people lost their homes in the earthquake .
Death toll from the 7.0-magnitude earthquake that hit Ya’an in southwestern China's Sichuan Province has risen to 188 (as of 18:00 pm, April 22, ), according to latest calculations by local Civil Affairs Bureau. At least 11,826 were reportedly injured in the quake while 25 are still missing, the bureau said.
Experts are anticipating much less casualties in the quake than that from the 8.0 magnitude quake hit Wenchuan on May 12, 2008, also in Sichuan Province, which killed more than 80,000 and injured over 300,000.
Energy released from Wenchuan earthquake would be 30 times of that from Ya’an quake, according to Zhang Xiaonan, an expert with China's Geophysical Union. Dai Junwu with Harbin-based seismological bureau expects the death toll at less than 1,000, and economic losses from the quake could reach up to 100 billion yuan.
Police and expert teams have already rushed for rescue in the quick stricken areas, and the State Council has banned unauthorized rescue efforts and individual vehicles from going to the quake zone to avoid congestion(交通阻塞).
Rescue efforts were carried “timely and orderly”, said Chinese Premier Li Keqiang who flew to the quicken-stricken area on Sunday, the second day of the quake. He was quoted as saying that “the current priority is to save lives”.
【小題1】When did Ya’an earthquake occur?

A．April 22,2008

B．April 20,2013

C．May 12,2008

D．May.22 2013

【小題2】How many people injured in the earth(as of 18:00 pm, April 22 ) according to the passage?

A．About188	B．At least 11,826
C．More than 80,000	D．Over 300,000.

【小題3】What does the underlined word “ collapsed”( in para.1) mean?

A．fell down suddenly	B．broke up
C．burnt to the ground	D．turned into pieces

【小題4】Why did the State Council has banned unauthorized rescue efforts and individual vehicles from going to the quake zone?

A．Because Ya’an earthquake was not as disastrous as Wenchuan earthquake.

B．Because the people of Ya’an could save themselves.

C．Because the State Council wanted to avoid being overcrowded.

D．Because the State Council wanted to protected the rescuing people

【小題5】Which one is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Wenchuan earthquake released 30 times energy of Ya’an earthquake.

B．Premier Li Keqiang who flew to the quicken-stricken area on April,21,2013.

C．Wenchuan earthquake killed around 80000 people.

D．Zhang Xiaonan expected the economic losses from the quake could reach up to 100 billion yuan.

語音知識（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）

從A、B、C、D四個選項中，找出其劃線部分與所給單詞的劃線部分讀音相同的選項。

1. occur           

A．ocean

B．recover

C．position

D．offer

2.exact            

A．expect

B．exhibition

C．excellent

D．exist

3.valley           

A．vocabulary

B．attraction

C．major

D．cave

4.daily            

A．philosophy

B．supply

C．fly

D．lawyer

5.stomach          

A．check

B．character

C．charity

D．a(chǎn)chieve

 

Storms most commonly occur_______a warm air mass and a cold air mass touch each other.

A．in case

B．where

C．in which

D．unless

 

Before the meeting, Jack went over the report again ______ a mistake might occur.

A．while

B．in case

C．so that

D．even if