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SCIENTISTS have discovered that living to the age of 100 may have nothing to do with the lifestyle you lead and everything to do with the type of genes (基因) you have.
For the lucky carriers of “Methuselah” genes, worries over smoking, eating unhealthily and not getting enough exercise may not be as necessary as to those of us without the special gene pattern .
The “Methuselah” genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age such as cancer and heart disease. They could also protect people against the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles that we believe will lead us to an early death, scientists say. However, the genes are very rare.
The genes include ADIPOQ, which is found in about 10 percent of young people but in nearly 30 percent of people living past 100. They also include the CETP and the ApoC3 genes, which are found in 10 percent of young people, but in about 20 percent of people over 100 years old.
Some of those genes were discovered by a research group at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, led by Professor Nir Barzilai. The team studied the genes of over 500 people over 100 years old, and their children.
The studies show that tiny mutations (變異) in the make-up of some genes can greatly increase a person’s lifespan. Barzilai told a Royal Society conference that the discovery of such genes gave scientists clear targets for developing drugs that could prevent age-related diseases, allow people to live longer and stay healthy.
David Gems, a researcher at University College London, believes that drugs to slow ageing will become widespread.
“If we know which genes control longevity (長壽) then we can … target them with drugs. That makes it possible to slow down ageing,” he told The Times.
“Much of the pain and suffering in the world are caused by ageing. If we can find a way to reduce that, then we are obliged to take it.”
【小題1】 According to the article, which of the following is the most important if a person is to live to the age of 100?

A．Eating healthy food every day.

B．Having the right types of genes.

C．Having a healthy lifestyle.

D．Taking drugs that prevent ageing.

【小題2】According to the article, the ApoC3 gene is found in ______ of people over 100 years old.

A．10%

B．20%

C．30%

D．50%

【小題3】Which of the following statements is TRUE of the research led by Professor Nir Barzilai?

A．The team studied the genes of over 100 people over 100 years of age.

B．The researchers found that mutations in certain genes lead to longer life.

C．The researchers found ways to develop drugs that could cure age-related diseases.

D．The study suggested that most people have genes that could lengthen their lives.

【小題4】 According to David Gems, ______.

A．drugs to slow ageing will be very expensive

B．modern science will be able to find more longevity genes

C．it is the duty of medical scientists to fight the problems of ageing

D．scientists can make new genes that will allow longer life

Below is some advice on how to prevent colds and flu.

8 Ways to Avoid Colds and Flu 1. Wash your hands and wash them often The US Naval Health Research Center conducted a study of 40,000 volunteers who were ordered to wash their hands five times a day. The volunteers cut their incidence of flu by 45 percent. 2. Wash your hands twice every time you wash them Researchers at Columbia University found one hand washing had little effect, even when using antibacterial soap. So wash twice if you’re serious about preventing colds. 3. Change your toothbrush every three months You think your toothbrush gets your teeth clean — and it does. But once you’ve finished brushing, it can be a breeding ground for germs. Most dentists recommend you change your brush every two or three months. It’s also a good idea to replace it after you’ve had a cold or flu. 4. Sneeze and cough into your arm or tissue (紙巾) Whoever taught us to cover our mouths when we cough or sneeze got it wrong. That just puts the germs right on our hands, where you can spread them to objects — and other people. Instead, put your arm over your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough if a tissue isn’t handy. It’s pretty rare that you shake someone’s arm, after all. 5. Stop blaming yourself when things go wrong Believe it or not, blaming yourself makes you more likely to catch a cold! Researchers found that even those who had control over their work were more likely to begin sneezing if they lacked confidence or tended to blame themselves when things went wrong. Such attitudes make people more stressed on the job, and stress, as you know, can challenge your immune system. 6. Once a day, sit in a quiet, dim room, close your eyes, and focus on one word Meditate (冥想). It is a proven way to reduce stress. Studies have shown that stress weakens your immune system. In fact, people with high stress levels have up to twice the number of colds as non-stressed people. 7. Get moving Ride a bike, join a dance class, or go for a walk. A study found that older women who did 45 minutes of gentle exercise, five times a week for a year, were up to three times less likely to get a cold than women who took little exercise. The researchers found that the exercisers’ immune system was strongest in the last three months of the study. 8. Leave the windows in your house open a crack You don’t have to keep all of them open, but one or two in the rooms in which you spend the most time. This is particularly important if you live in a newer home, where fresh circulating air has been the victim of energy efficiency. A bit of fresh air will do wonders for chasing out germs.

 
【小題1】To prevent yourself from getting colds, you should wash your hands____.

A．twice every hour	B．twice every time
C．five times every hour	D．five times every time

【小題2】When you cough or sneeze, you should ____.

A．put your hands over your mouth

B．avoid shaking hands with other people

C．cover your mouth with your arm or a tissue

D．keep away from other people

【小題3】Your immune system will be weakened if ____.

A．your stress level is high

B．your room is not bright

C．you have control over your work

D．you do not exercise for 45 minutes every day

【小題4】If you live in a new house, it is particularly important to ____.

A．leave all the windows open a crack

B．leave only one or two windows open to save energy

C．keep one or two windows open in the rooms where you spend the most time

D．keep all the doors and windows open to let in more fresh air when you are at home

Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A--F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.
（考生注意答題卡上的題號要與本題填涂時一致，從76題涂卡）

A. TV’s Influence on Children’s Life B. Argument Against Violence on TV C. TV’s Influence on People’s Leisure Activities D. The Importance of Violence in Real Life E. Attractions of Violence on TV F.  TV’s Power

【小題1】_________
Television has probably been the most powerful medium in shaping the new community. The electronic community gives us our mutual friends, our significant events and our daily chats. The “produced” relationships of television families become our models for intimacy. We know media stars better than we know our neighbors. Most of us can discuss their lives better than we can discuss those of our relatives. We think a man who plays a doctor on TV actually know something about medicine
【小題2】_________
TV isolates people in their spare time. People spend more time watching music videos but less time making music with each other. People in small town now watch international cable networks instead of driving to their neighbor’s house for cards. Women watch soaps instead of attending church circles or book clubs. When company comes, the kids are sent to the TV room with videos.
【小題3】_________
Parent are not the main influence in the lives of their children. Some of the first voices children hear are from the television, the first street they know is Sesame Street. A child playing Nintendo is learning different lessons than a child playing along a creek or playing dominoes with a grandfather.
【小題4】_________
The time devoted to violence on TV in no way reflects its importance in real life. In real life, most of us exercise, work, visit our friends, read, cook and eat and shop. Few of us spend any significant amount of our time solving murders or fleeing psychotic killers. On television there are many more detective and murderers than exist in the real world. A rule of thumb about violence is “If it bleeds, it leads.” Violence captures viewers’ attention. Our programs have become increasing violent.
【小題5】_________
Some might say that there is nothing new under the sun. Of course, in a narrow sense, they are correct. There have always been murderers, and stories about violence have been the theme of literature and song. However, things are different now. Children are exposed to hundreds of examples of violence every day. The frequency and intensity of these images is unprecedented in the history of humanity. We have clear records that this exposure makes it more likely that children will be violent and increase their fear levels about potential violence.

As A/H1N1 continues to spread, experts from the Centers for Disease Control to the World Health Organization to neighborhood doctors are calling on the people to practice smart flu prevention techniques. Here are some tips to keep body improved and immune（免疫）system ready to fight infection.
Wash Your Hands
And wash them often, in hot soapy water, and for the amount of time it takes you to sing “Happy Birthday” twice.
Get Enough Sleep
This means slightly different things to different people, but try to get 8 hours of good rest each night to keep your immune system in top flu-fighting shape.
Keep Hydrated
Drink enough water each day to clear poisonous matter from your system and keep up good moisture（濕度）production in your body.
Eat Immune-Improving Foods
Keeping you body strong and ready to fight infection is important in flu prevention. Fatty foods can slow your metabolism（新陳代謝）, make you feel inactive, and weaken your immune
system. So stick with whole grains, colorful vegetables, and vitamin-rich fruits.
Avoid Alcohol
Alcohol is likely to decrease your resistance to infections and further damages the immune system. So avoid alcoholic drinks to keep your immune system strong.
—————————————？
Proper exercise-for example walking for 30-40 minutes 3-4 times a week-supports the immune system by increasing circulation, oxygenating the body, removing poisonous material through sweat, and reducing tension and stress. So get moving!
Avoid Contact with Sick People
If you’re coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth(and then wash your hands),and if you have to be around someone who is sick, try to stay a few feet away from them and avoid physical contact.
Know When to Get Help
A/H1N1 can look like regular flu, so don’t feel like you necessarily are infected if you’re exhibiting flu-like symptoms（癥狀）. But do go to your doctor if you live in an area where there are recorded cases, or if your symptoms are very serious.
【小題1】To fight A/H1N1 infection, it’s helpful for us to_______ .

A．sing “Happy Birthday” while washing hands

B．eat more fatty foods and colorful fruits

C．keep away from alcoholic drinks

D．refuse communication with patients

【小題2】A suitable title for paragraph 7 might be _______.

A．Support the Immune System	B．Keep Physically Active
C．Get Enough Sweat	D．Walk to Reduce Stress

【小題3】The passage seems to suggest that we should_______.

A．get enough sleep after eating fatty foods

B．wash hands with soap after a cough or sneeze

C．drink more water after drinking alcohol

D．see a doctor immediately if you have flu-like symptoms

【小題4】What can help clear poisonous matter from the body?

A．Washing your hands.	B．Eating fatty foods.
C．Getting enough sleep.	D．Drinking enough water.

Kataria is the founder of the worldwide laughter movement. The celebration of world Laughter Day is a positive activity for world peace and is intended to build up a global sense of brotherhood and friendship through laughter. The first “World Laughter Day” gathering took place in Mumbai, India, on 11th January 1998. 12,000 members from India and international Laughter Clubs attended it. Now there are over 5,000 Laughter Clubs worldwide on all 5 continents.
“HAPPY-DEMIC” was the first World Laughter Day gathering outside India. It took place on 9th January 2000. In Copenhagen, Denmark , more than 10,000 people gathered at Town Hall Square. The event went into Guinness Book of World records. “World Laughter Day” is now organized on the first Sunday of May every year. Hundreds of people gather worldwide on that day to laugh together.
Today, many people fear widespread international terrorism（恐怖主義）. The world has never faced so much unrest before. People are at war within themselves. Laughter is a universal language, which has the ability to unite humanity without religion（宗教）. Laughter can build a common connection between various religions and create a new world order. The idea may sound over-ambitious (野心太大的), and maybe it is. But maybe it is not. It is our deep belief that laughter and only laughter can unite the world, building up a global sense of brotherhood and friendship.
Studies also say that laughter helps your body do the following: lower blood pressure; lighten depression; reduce stress; work out the heart, especially for those who are unable to perform physical exercise. So in life, when you can laugh, you should laugh loudly and with your entire body—because it’s good for you.
【小題1】The purpose of celebrating World Laughter Day is ____.

A．to build up a global sense of brotherhood and friendship through laughter

B．to build a common connection between various religions

C．to reduce stress and lighten depression

D．to lower blood pressure

【小題2】The first World Laughter Day gathering outside India took place ____.

A．on 11th. January, 1998

B．on the first Sunday of May

C．on 9th. January, 1996

D．on 9th. January, 2000

【小題3】The author’s attitude towards laughter movement is ____.

A．positive

B．negative

C．uninterested

D．objective

【小題4】The passage is mainly about _______.

A．World Laughter Day and its significance

B．the worldwide laughter movement

C．a universal language

D．laughter