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Junior school students in Harbin，Heilongjiang，had a "long weekend"．They had four days off from Oct．19-22．It was not for any festival，but was caused by serious smog．

The smog was caused by high levels of PM 2．5 in the air．

PM 2．5 is small particles（微粒） of pollution in the air with a diameter （直徑） of 2．5 micrometers or less．Waste gas from cars and factories is the biggest cause of PM 2．5 pollution． On Oct．17，the World Health Organization named air pollution a cause of cancer．

To better protect children，cities are taking action．

On Oct．21，Harbin Education Bureau decided to close primary and junior high schools for two days．

??? Beijing started a program on Oct．22 which has a warning system with four levels．The red warning is the highest warning level．It means that the next three days will see serious pollution．

When a red warning is issued（發(fā)布），schools will close．

If there's pollution that's not as serious，the Beijing Commission of Education will ask schools to stop PE classes and outdoor activities．

How will students be informed?

"First，the Commission of Education will inform schools online，" Ye Yan，head of Beijing Shijingshanqu Experimental Primary School，told Beijing Times．"Then teachers will text students’ parents．"

Will the days off affect the study plan?

"Missing school days will be made up during the summer or winter vacations，"? said Wang Hao，a physical education teacher in Beijing Chaoyang district．

For students in Harbin who had the long weekend，they would go to school on the next two Saturdays．

根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

1.Why did students in Harbin have a long weekend?

A． Because the weather was extremely cold．? ?????????????

B． Because a special festival came．

C．Because the winter vacation began．??????? ?????????????

D．Because there happened serious smog．

2.Which of the following is TRUE about PM 2．5?

A．It makes water polluted．? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????

B．People can see it with eyes．

C．It only comes from factories． ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????

D．It can cause serious diseases．

3.When a red warning is issued in Beijing，what will happen?

A．All of the work will be stopped．????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????

B．People aren't allowed to go outside．

C．Schools will be closed for a few days．????????????? ?????????????

D．Air pollution will be seen in a few weeks．

4.What does the underlined word "text" mean in Chinese?

A．寫信????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B．發(fā)信息????????????? ????????????? C．寫文章????????????? ????????????? D．發(fā)郵件

5.What is the reading mainly about?

A．What PM 2．5 is made up of．????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????

B．How people fight against air pollution．

C．What influence the smog brings to school．????????????? ?????????????

D．How schools deal with the missing school days．

Napping(小睡) after learning something new could help improve your memory--- as long as you dream, scientists say.
They found people who dream about a new task do it better on waking than those who do not sleep or do not dream.
Volunteers were asked to learn the layout(布局，設(shè)計(jì)) of a 3D computer maze(迷宮) so they could find their way several hours later. Those allowed to take a pap and who also remembered dreaming of the task, found their way to a landmark quicker.
The researchers think the dreams are a sign that unconscious(無意識(shí)的) parts of the brain are working hard to process information about the task..
Dr. Robert Stickgold of Harvard Medical School, said dreams may be a marker that the brain is working on the same problem at many levels.
Study tips
Co-author Dr. Erin Wamsley said the study suggests our non-conscious brain works on the things that it deem(認(rèn)為) are the most important.
“Every day we are gathering lots of information and new experiences,” she said. “It would seem that our dreams are asking the question, “How do I use this information to inform(影響) my life?”
The scientists say there may be ways to use this phenomenon(現(xiàn)象) for improving learning and memory. For example, students might be better studying hard before bedtime, or taking a nap after a period of afternoon study.
【小題1】 Scientists say ______ could help improve your memory.

Napping(小睡) after learning something new could help improve your memory--- as long as you dream, scientists say.

   They found people who dream about a new task do it better on waking than those who do not sleep or do not dream.

Volunteers were asked to learn the layout(布局，設(shè)計(jì)) of a 3D computer maze(迷宮) so they could find their way several hours later. Those allowed to take a pap and who also remembered dreaming of the task, found their way to a landmark quicker.

   The researchers think the dreams are a sign that unconscious(無意識(shí)的) parts of the brain are working hard to process information about the task..

   Dr. Robert Stickgold of Harvard Medical School, said dreams may be a marker that the brain is working on the same problem at many levels.

   Study tips

   Co-author Dr. Erin Wamsley said the study suggests our non-conscious brain works on the things that it deem(認(rèn)為) are the most important.

   “Every day we are gathering lots of information and new experiences,” she said. “It would seem that our dreams are asking the question, “How do I use this information to inform(影響) my life?”

   The scientists say there may be ways to use this phenomenon(現(xiàn)象) for improving learning and memory. For example, students might be better studying hard before bedtime, or taking a nap after a period of afternoon study.

1. Scientists say ______ could help improve your memory.

   A. dream     B. nap          C. nap and dream       D. nap without dream

2. What were volunteers asked to do?

  A. Take a nap.   B. Dream a task.   C. Learn about 3D computer.    D. Find their way out of a maze.

3.Which is right about dreams?

   A. They are a sign that parts of the brain is unconscious.

   B. They can help us fall asleep and improve learning and memory.

C. They tell us how to use this information to inform our life.

D. They may be a marker that the brain is working on the same problem.

4.When is the best time for study?

   A. Before bedtime.    B. After bedtime.    C. Before taking a nap.   D. In the afternoon.

One day Trudy saw an advertisement in a magazine. It offered a packet of 100 mixed stamps for $10. Trudy wanted to start a stamp collection so she ordered the packet. One hundred mixed stamps seemed a good way to begin a collection. She sent a postal order to the stamp company with her order, and waited excitedly for the stamps arrived. Trudy checked the mail every day for four weeks but the stamps didn’t arrive. So Trudy decided to write to the company. “Dear Sir/Madam,” she wrote, “a month ago I sent you a postal order for $10 as payment for 100 mixed stamps. They haven’t arrived. Please send them by return of mail.” another month passed. The stamps still didn’t arrive and she didn’t receive any replay to her letter. She asked her father for advice. Her father said, “You must write a stronger letter. Make the stamp company worry that you will report them to the authorities.” “Dear Sir/Madam,” she wrote in her second letter. “I am writing to complain about your poor service. Two months ago I sent you a postal order for $10 as payment for 100 mixed stamps. I didn’t receive the stamps. A month ago I wrote to inform you of this. I still haven’t received the stamps, and you haven’t replied to my letter. If I do not receive the stamps within seven days. I shall report this matter to the authorities.” Two days later Trudy received the stamps in the mail.

1.Trudy ordered the stamps because _______.

A．it seemed a good way to start a stamp collection

B．she wanted to give them to her father

C．she need them to mail some letters

D．she thought they were cheap

2.Trudy paid for the stamps with ________.

A．cash             B．a(chǎn) check           C．the credit card     D．a(chǎn) postal order

3.Trudy checked the mail every day for ______.

A．4 months          B．a(chǎn) week            C．a(chǎn) month           D．for 3 weeks

4.In her second letter Trudy complained about how _______.

A．expensive the stamps were

B．boring the stamps were

C．poor the company’s service was

D．slow the postal service was

5.Trudy received the stamps ______ after she sent the second letter.

A．a(chǎn) week           B．a(chǎn) month           C．two months        D．two days

For many in the United States, Arab-Americans are an invisible part of the population. Though Arab-Americans as a community have made great contributions to American society in fields from literature to politics to medicine, many Americans know very little about Americans of Arab backgrounds.
Arab history in the United States goes back to the late 1800’s when large numbers of Arab immigrants first began making their journey to a land known simply as “Amreeka”.
Historians generally describe Arab immigration to America in two waves. The first wave took place between 1860 and 1924.The first wave consisted of Lebanese and Syrian, and some Egyptian immigrants. These new immigrants, who were mostly Christian, came to America in search of better opportunities. Even the doomed Titanic, which set sail for America in 1912,had close to a hundred Arab passengers aboard. The majority of Arab-Americans today are descendents of the first wave of immigrants; they are the third or more generation Americans.
The second wave of immigrants followed after World War Ⅱ,caused by political unrest in the Middle East. This second wave of immigrants consists of mainly Arab Muslims（穆斯林）and continues to this day.
Arab-Americans make up 3 million of the population in the United States, according to demographers. And quite different from popular belief, 64 percent of them are American-born. Eighty-two percent of Arab-Americans are US citizens.
Arab-Americans are beyond the national average in both education and income. Education is important among Arab-Americans; 82 percent have high school diplomas, 36 percent have bachelor’s degrees or higher, and 15 percent have graduate degrees. The-median（中位數(shù)的）average income among Arab-Americans is $39,580, which is higher than the US average.
【小題1】The first wave of immigrants took place because__________.