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Do you know why you sleep? You may think it’s because you’re tired. Or perhaps you’ve been told sleep is good for you. Yet no one knows exactly why or how people sleep.

Until the early 1950s, most scientists thought the body and brain rested during sleep. Then a scientist watched people sleep. He noticed that during periods of between 5 and 30 minutes each, sleepers’ eyes made rapid movements, as if they were watching something. He called these periods REM sleep, for Rapid Eye Movement. Periods when sleepers’ eyes did not move he called non-REM sleep.

Whenever the scientist woke people during REM sleep, they were having vivid dreams. Measurements showed that sleepers’ pulses（脈搏）went up quickly during REM sleep. Their breathing, heartbeat, and the blood going to the brain also increased. Far from being a time of rest, REM sleep is a time when the body is hard at work. Scientists still don’t know the reason for this. Some believe REM sleep makes learning easier. Babies spend a lot of time in REM sleep. Because of this, some scientists believe that REM sleep helps the brain grow. Others think REM sleep is a time for the brain to empty the day’s garbage.

One thing all the scientists agree on is that sleep is necessary. Without enough sleep, people make mistakes. Most major car accidents happen during the early morning hours, when people are sleepiest.

1.During REM sleep, a person’s breathing and heartbeat ________.

A．stop   B．increase     C．decrease   D．stay the same

2.Which word in paragraph（段落）3 means “colorful and lively”?

A．easier         B．empty         C．vivid   D．quickly

3.Which paragraph tells what happens when people don’t get enough sleep?

A．1         B．2         C．3         D．4

4.What is the main idea of the article?

A．REM sleep helps the brain grow.

B．REM sleep has been watched and recorded by scientists.

C．REM sleep is a time to empty the day’s garbage.

D．REM sleep is an active time when the body is hard at work.

5.You can decide from the article that REM sleep ________.

A．has a restful effect on people

B．can be avoided with lots of sleep

C．is something that all people experience

D．is something that all scientists agree on

Once there was a father and a son. They were ill-tempered(壞脾氣的) and never gave way（退讓）to 1.     

One day the father 2  to ask some friends to dinner in his house. He 3    his son to buy some meat in town. When the son walked towards the town gate, a man was coming from the outside. The gate wasn’t 4  enough to let two men in and out at the same time. But neither of  5 would give way to the other. They stood straight face to face inside the gate hour after hour. But the father was worried. “What shall I do? My son hasn’t 6  yet. I can’t wait any more.” He wanted to know what was the 7   with his son. So he left his friends at home ,and went to town 8   his son.

“You may first take the 9  home for my friends .Let me 10    here against him instead.” he said to his son when he knew what had happened.

1.                A．one           B．another         C．other D．others

2.                A．decided        B．decides         C．decide   D．decision

3.                A．hoped         B．told            C． let  D．tells

4.A .long        B. wide            C  high         D .tall

5.                A．their           B．they           C．them D．theirs

6.                A．gone           B．bought         C．returned  D．been

7.                A．wrong          B．accident        C．thing D．matter

8.                A．to look for      B．looked for       C．to find    D．found

9.                A．meat           B．dinner          C．bread    D．money

10.               A．stood          B．stands          C．stand D．standing

Growing mushrooms（蘑菇）is probably the easiest thing you can do even if you are new to mushroom growing. It is becoming more common because restaurants are starting to create more dishes that include mushrooms.
Mushroom growing is easy. To start, you need to have a space where you are going to grow these mushrooms. It does not have to be a huge space but just enough for you to grow as many mushrooms as you need. When you have found the space perfect for you, you can start researching what kind of mushrooms you want to grow. There are a lot of mushrooms to choose from and not all of them are suitable to eat.
When you decide what kind of mushrooms you want to grow, you can start getting ready to plant the mushrooms. Sometimes you may want to hire some workers to help if you have a large mushroom farm, or if you are trying to start a professional mushroom growing business. Trying to have a business by yourself can be stressful. If you don’t have enough time to spend taking care of everything yourself, some helpers may be the best choice.
After you have started the mushroom growing, you should regularly check that your mushrooms grow properly and that they are not being attacked by any pesticides（農藥）or any other animals or something that could be dangerous to them. That is the worst part of mushroom developing. Protect your mushroom farm well with a fence（圍欄）or a gate so that only you and your workers can get in and out.
Mushroom growing is not difficult and it is easy to get stared in the world of farming. You will soon possibly be able to provide some of the great cooks of the world with high quality mushrooms that will be enjoyed by thousands of people all over the world.
【小題1】According to the passage, many people begin to plant mushrooms probably _________.

Growing mushrooms（蘑菇）is probably the easiest thing you can do even if you are new to mushroom growing. It is becoming more common because restaurants are starting to create more dishes that include mushrooms.

Mushroom growing is easy. To start, you need to have a space where you are going to grow these mushrooms. It does not have to be a huge space but just enough for you to grow as many mushrooms as you need. When you have found the space perfect for you, you can start researching what kind of mushrooms you want to grow. There are a lot of mushrooms to choose from and not all of them are suitable to eat.

When you decide what kind of mushrooms you want to grow, you can start getting ready to plant the mushrooms. Sometimes you may want to hire some workers to help if you have a large mushroom farm, or if you are trying to start a professional mushroom growing business. Trying to have a business by yourself can be stressful. If you don’t have enough time to spend taking care of everything yourself, some helpers may be the best choice.

After you have started the mushroom growing, you should regularly check that your mushrooms grow properly and that they are not being attacked by any pesticides（農藥）or any other animals or something that could be dangerous to them. That is the worst part of mushroom developing. Protect your mushroom farm well with a fence（圍欄）or a gate so that only you and your workers can get in and out.

Mushroom growing is not difficult and it is easy to get stared in the world of farming. You will soon possibly be able to provide some of the great cooks of the world with high quality mushrooms that will be enjoyed by thousands of people all over the world.

1.According to the passage, many people begin to plant mushrooms probably _________.

A．because they are in great need.            B．because they look very beautiful

C．because they are healthy food             D．because they are very expensive

2.Which of the following is the right order of planting mushrooms?

a. Choose suitable mushrooms.           b. Protect your mushrooms well.

c. Find some workers to help you.       d. Start to grow the mushrooms.

e. Find a place to plant your mushrooms.

A．c—a—d—b—e     B．e—a—c—d—b     C．c—a—e—b—d     D．e—a—d—b—c

3.It can be inferred（推斷）from the passage that __________.

A．pesticides can be used in mushroom growing

B．anyone can produce high quality mushrooms.

C．after starting, you should always take care of the mushrooms

D．having a mushroom business is not so difficult

4.According to the passage, which sentence is NOT true?

A．Although you don’t know much about growing mushrooms, you can do it easily.

B．you can choose a suitable space, just big enough for you to grow mushrooms.

C．All mushrooms aren’t suitable to eat.

D．The worst part of mushroom developing is to protect your mushrooms farm well with fence.

5.The best title of the passage is __________.

A．Healthy mushrooms                     B．The value of mushrooms

C．How to choose mushrooms                D．Suggestions on growing mushrooms